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近30 a来,意大利产业区成为西方学术界研究的热点与争论焦点。传统的意大利产业区模式主要强调中小企业为主的“弹性专业化”生产系统与本地社区的嵌入性。在全球化与知识经济的宏观背景下,意大利产业区正在经历一系列的以集团化、创新与国际化为主要特征的产业重组过程:产业区的组织结构开始由中小企业为主的“弹性专业化”生产系统向“产业区集团”主导的等级制生产体系转变;创新模式由本地分散化的渐进式创新向大企业研发导向的开放式创新转变,外部知识联系的作用不断增强;企业生产活动的国际化、跨国公司的进入使得产业区相对封闭的本地网络向开放的全球网络转变。其转型和发展理论对中国产业区的发展具有重要启示,未来中国产业区研究应注重3方面:①运用演化的视角研究产业区的动态发展过程;②关注本地网络与全球网络的互动;③强调中观区域视角与微观企业视角的结合。
The past 30 years, the Italian industrial area has become the focus of research and controversy in Western academia. The traditional model of the Italian industrial zone mainly emphasizes the embeddedness of the “flexible specialized” production system and the local community based on the small and medium-sized enterprises. Under the macroscopic background of globalization and knowledge-based economy, the Italian industrial zone is experiencing a series of industrial restructuring processes characterized by collectivization, innovation and internationalization: the organizational structure of the industrial zone starts from the “elasticity” of small and medium-sized enterprises Specialized “production system to the” hierarchical system “dominated by the” Industrial Zone Group "; the innovative mode has been transformed from a locally decentralized incremental innovation to a large enterprise with a R & D-oriented open innovation; the role of external knowledge connection has been continuously enhanced ; The internationalization of the production activities of enterprises and the entry of multinational corporations make the relatively closed local network in the industrial area shift to an open global network. Its theory of transformation and development has important implications for the development of China’s industrial zones. In the future, research on China’s industrial zones should focus on three aspects: (1) using the perspective of evolution to study the dynamic development of industrial zones; (2) focusing on the interaction between local networks and the global network; The combination of medium-sized regional perspective and micro-enterprise perspective.