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有毒气体泄露往往造成大面积的人员伤亡,因此采用定量的方法对该类气体危险范围进行评估,有助于帮助企业合理布局。目前市场上的气体扩散软件较多,因参数选取等原因各类软件的计算结果不尽相同,造成企业难以选择适合的评估方法。本文选用两种常用的气体扩散软件ALOHA和CASST-QRA,以液氯钢瓶泄露为例来进行定量的分析与对比,通过计算死亡、重伤半径、轻伤半径等,得出事故点处的危害范围和危险区域。通过两种软件的模拟结果与理论计算对比,因为软件在模拟过程中插入了当地气象参数,使得软件的计算结果更接近实际情况。通过对两种软件计算出的最大死亡半径、最大重伤半径、最大轻伤半径分别对比,两种软件计算的最大死亡半径误差在2%左右,最大重伤半径和最大轻伤半径误差在1%左右,考虑到最安全的原则,建议相关部门选用CASST-QRA软件进行泄露风险评估。
Toxic gas leaks often cause a large number of casualties, so using a quantitative method to assess the scope of this type of gas hazards, help to help enterprises rational layout. Currently, there are many gas diffusion softwares on the market. The calculation results of various types of software are not the same due to parameter selection and other reasons, which makes it difficult for enterprises to choose a suitable assessment method. In this paper, two kinds of commonly used gas diffusion software ALOHA and CASST-QRA were selected. The liquid chlorine cylinder leakage was taken as an example for quantitative analysis and comparison. By calculating the death, serious injury radius, minor injury radius and so on, And dangerous area. Compared with the theoretical calculation through the simulation results of the two kinds of software, the software inserts the local meteorological parameters in the simulation process, so that the calculation result of the software is closer to the actual situation. By comparing the maximum death radius, the maximum critical injury radius and the maximum minor injury radius calculated by the two softwares respectively, the maximum death radius error calculated by the two softwares is about 2% and the maximum and minimum minor injury radius errors are about 1% , Taking into account the principle of the most secure, it is recommended that the relevant departments use CASST-QRA software for risk assessment of leakage.