语言是文学作品的组成单位与人们交际中必须依赖的物质条件。在现代汉语普通话里,以听话者为称谓视点的自称,通常遵循辈份原则、亲疏原则,也受叙述中心的影响,因其不同的语用条件,有其不同的表达形式,传达了不同的语用效果。这一语言特色丰富着现代汉语的语用功能。 Language is a material unit of literary works and people must rely on the material conditions of communication. In modern Mandarin Chinese, self-proclamation based on the perspective of the obeisance usually follows the principles of seniority, affinity and delusion, and is influenced by narrative centers. Because of their different pragmatic conditions, they have different expressions and convey different Pragmatic effect. This language feature enriches the pragmatic functions of modern Chinese.