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【目的】通过研究尿素、氯化铵以及二者混合高塔造粒而成的含氯脲铵氮肥对太湖地区稻麦轮作体系作物产量、氮肥利用率、氨挥发损失、土壤氯残留和耕层土壤p H的影响,为新型含氯氮肥的推广,降低环境风险提供理论依据。【方法】通过两年稻麦轮作季的田间小区试验,在当地适宜施氮量条件下,以CK(不施氮)和施用普通尿素为对照,研究了两种含氯氮肥的施用对稻麦轮作体系作物产量和氮肥利用率的影响。采集作物收获后0—20 cm、20—40 cm土壤样品,采用硫氰酸汞比色法测定土壤氯残留;施肥后采用密闭室间歇通气-稀硫酸吸收法测定氨挥发通量。【结果】尿素、氯化铵和含氯脲铵处理对稻麦产量无显著影响,但与尿素相比含氯脲铵对稻麦有增产的趋势,而氯化铵对小麦有减产趋势。与尿素相比施用含氯脲铵显著提高氮肥利用率7.0%(P<0.05)。氨挥发主要发生在稻季,与施用尿素相比单施氯化铵使麦季氨挥发降低26.3%(1.39 kg/hm~2),而使稻季氨挥发增加10.4%(2.67 kg/hm~2);含氯脲铵使麦季和稻季的氨挥发分别降低5.2%(0.55 kg/hm~2)和12.9%(6.16 kg/hm~2)。施用含氯氮肥土壤氯残留表现为稻季显著增加,而麦季则显著降低的趋势,收获期耕层土壤(0—20 cm)氯离子含量最高不超过160 mg/kg,低于水稻和小麦的耐氯临界值。经过两个稻麦轮作循环后,施用氯化铵土壤p H比尿素下降0.88个单位,而施含氯脲铵土壤p H与尿素没有显著差异。【结论】在太湖地区稻麦轮作体系中,综合考虑产量和环境效益,含氯脲铵氮肥与两种单质肥料相比有一定优势,为氨挥发减排和氯化铵施用难题的解决提供了依据。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of urea-nitrogen-ammonium nitrogen fertilizers containing urea and ammonium chloride on the crop yield, nitrogen use efficiency, ammonia volatilization loss, soil residual chlorine and tillage in the rice-wheat rotation system in Taihu Lake region Soil p H, for the new chlorine-nitrogen fertilizer to promote and reduce environmental risk provide a theoretical basis. 【Method】 Two-year rice-wheat rotation cropping plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of two nitrogen and nitrogen fertilizers on rice and wheat Effect of crop rotation and nitrogen use efficiency on crop rotation system. Soil samples were collected at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm after crop harvesting. Soil residual chlorine was determined by mercury thiocyanate colorimetric method. Ammonia volatilization flux was determined by airtight chamber intermittent ventilation and dilute sulfuric acid absorption after fertilization. 【Result】 The results showed that urea, ammonium chloride and urea-urea-treated had no significant effect on the yield of rice and wheat. However, the content of urea-urea and ammonium urea increased the yield of rice and wheat compared with urea. Compared with urea, the application of urea-nitrogenuria significantly increased nitrogen use efficiency by 7.0% (P <0.05). Ammonia volatilization mainly occurred in the rice season. Compared with urea application, NH4 (superscript +) reduced ammonium volatilization by 26.3% (1.39 kg / hm2) and ammonia volatilization increased by 10.4% (2.67 kg / 2). The ammonia volatilization by chloroquine ammonium reduced the ammonia volatilization by 5.2% (0.55 kg / hm ~ 2) and 12.9% (6.16 kg / hm ~ 2) in the wheat and rice seasons respectively. The chlorine residue in soil with chlorine and nitrogen application showed a significant increase in rice season, while the wheat season decreased significantly. The highest content of chloride ion in top soil (0-20 cm) was less than 160 mg / kg in harvest stage, lower than those in rice and wheat Chlorine resistance threshold. After two cycles of rice and wheat rotation, soil pH of ammonium chloride application decreased by 0.88 units compared with that of urea, while application of ammonium and ammonium urea did not have significant difference in p H and urea. 【Conclusion】 In the system of rice and wheat rotation in the Taihu Lake region, considering the yield and environmental benefits, the ammonium urea nitrogen-containing urea fertilizer has some advantages over the two simple substance fertilizers and provides the solution to the problems of ammonia volatilization and ammonium chloride application in accordance with.