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为了查明川西不同森林恢复方式下中小型土壤动物多样性,2008年11月对米亚罗林区的次生红桦林、人工云杉林和次生冷杉林的中小型土壤动物进行了调查。共获得中小型土壤动物15234个,隶属于3门9纲10目97科144个类群。线虫纲个体数占总体的71.85%,弹尾目占13.16%,蜱螨目占9.49%,其他类群占0.36%。3种森林中小型土壤动物群落的类群数和个体密度大小顺序均为次生红桦林>次生冷杉林>人工云杉林;Shannon多样性指数为次生红桦林>次生冷杉林=人工云杉林;Margalef丰富度指数和密度-类群指数为次生红桦林>次生冷杉林>人工云杉林;Pielou均匀性指数为人工云杉林>次生红桦林>次生冷杉林;Simpson优势度指数为次生冷杉林>次生红桦林=人工云杉林。不同群落间的个体密度无显著差异(P>0.05),但相似性系数表明人工云杉林的中小型土壤动物群落结构组成与天然次生林有较大差异。红桦林土壤动物的垂直分布的表聚性程度低于云杉林和冷杉林。研究表明,次生红桦林比人工云杉林和次生冷杉林能更有效地提高土壤动物多样性,促进地下生态功能恢复。
In order to find out the diversity of small and medium-sized soil animals under different forest restoration in western Sichuan, small and medium-sized soil fauna from secondary birch, artificial spruce and secondary fir forest in Miyaluo area were investigated in November 2008. A total of 15234 small and medium-sized soil animals were obtained, belonging to 3 groups of 9 classes, 10 orders, 97 families and 144 groups. Nematoda individuals accounted for 71.85% of the total number of individuals, 13.16% of them, and 9.49% of acarina species and 0.36% of other taxa. The order and individual density of soil micro-fauna in three kinds of forest were secondary birch forest> secondary fir forest> artificial spruce forest; Shannon’s diversity index was secondary birch forest> secondary fir forest = artificial cloud Cunninghamia lanceolata; Margalef richness index and density - Cotyledon index secondary birch forest> secondary fir forest> artificial spruce forest Pielou evenness index artificial spruce forest secondary birch forest secondary fir forest Simpson advantage Degree index of secondary fir> secondary birch = artificial spruce forest. There was no significant difference in the individual density among different communities (P> 0.05). However, the similarity coefficient indicated that the community structure of small and medium-sized soil fauna was quite different from the natural secondary forest. The vertical distribution of soil animal in the Betula platyphylla forest was lower than that in the spruce forest and the fir forest. The results show that secondary birch forest can improve soil animal diversity more effectively than artificial spruce forest and secondary fir forest and promote the recovery of underground ecological function.