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【目的】确定云南屏边墨兰炭疽病的病原菌及其分类学地位、致病谱、生物学特性,为野生墨兰的保护提供理论依据。【方法】采用组织分离法、刺伤接种、形态学结合分子生物学确定墨兰炭疽病的病原菌分类学地位、致病谱,采用生长速率法、血球计数板法测试碳氮源、温度、pH值、光照等对因素对病原菌菌丝生长、产孢的影响。【结果】本试验分离鉴定了云南屏边的2株墨兰炭疽病分离物,经形态学特征、回接发病特征及基于ITS rDNA的系统发育分析鉴定为胶孢炭疽菌。该菌还能侵染兜兰、建兰、红柱兰,菌丝生长最佳碳氮源为甘露醇、甘氨酸,最适温度为30℃,致死温度为55℃,最适pH值为8,最适光照为暗培养;产孢最适碳氮源分别为麦芽糖、蛋白胨,最适温度35℃,致死温度60℃,最适pH值为7,光照对产孢影响不显著。【结论】云南屏边野生墨兰炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌,对兜兰、建兰、红柱兰致病,病原菌的环境适应性强,屏边大围山自然保护区应禁止栽培兜兰、建兰、红柱兰。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to determine the pathogens, their taxonomic status, disease-causing spectrum and biological characteristics of Cymbidium sinica in Yunnan Province, and to provide a theoretical basis for the protection of wild Cymbidium. 【Method】 The taxonomic status and pathogenicity of pathogen of Cymbidium moniliforme were determined by tissue isolation method, stab wound inoculation and morphological combined with molecular biology. The growth rate method and hemacytometer method were used to test the carbon and nitrogen sources, temperature, pH Value, light and other factors on the pathogen mycelial growth, sporulation. 【Result】 In this study, two isolates of Cymbidium of Cymbidium isolated from the screen in Yunnan were isolated and identified. The morphological characteristics, pathogenic characteristics of back-connection and phylogenetic analysis based on ITS rDNA were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The bacteria can also invade Paphiopedilch, Cymbidium, red columnland, mycelial growth of the best carbon and nitrogen sources of mannitol, glycine, the optimum temperature is 30 ℃, the lethal temperature is 55 ℃, the optimum pH is 8, the most The optimal light source for dark culture is sporulation. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for sporulation are maltose and peptone respectively. The optimal temperature is 35 ℃, the lethal temperature is 60 ℃, and the optimum pH value is 7. The effect of light on sporulation is insignificant. 【Conclusion】 The anthrax of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on the screen border of Yunnan Province is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which has good adaptability to the environment of Paphiopedilum glauca and Cymbidium grandiflorum and pathogens, and should be banned in the Dawei Mountain Nature Reserve Blue, blue, red column blue.