砚亦称为研,与笔、墨、纸合称文房四宝,为传统文房案头常备之物。砚台的材料丰富多样,除端石、歙石、洮河石、澄泥石、徐公砚、红丝石、砣矶石、菊花石、易水砚、松花石外,还有玉砚、玉杂石砚、瓦砚、漆沙砚、铁砚、瓷砚等几十种。其中以端砚最为称著。到了清代,由于皇帝的喜爱和推崇,砚台雕工更为精细,纹饰追求精美,工艺精益求精,成为中国制砚史上的又一个高潮。砚台因其性质坚固,传百世而不朽,纹理纤丽,雕工精美,被历代帝王将相、达官显贵及文人墨客所推崇,成为集实用 Yan also known as research, and pen, ink, paper, said the four treasures, standing for the desk of traditional traditional culture. The materials of the inkstone are rich and varied. Besides the stone, stone, stone, stone, stone, stone, stone, stone, , Wah Yan, paint Yan ink, iron Yan, porcelain Yan dozens of species. One of the most dignified Duan Yan. In the Qing Dynasty, due to the emperor’s love and esteem, the inkstone carving was more elaborate, the motif of exquisite decoration and the excellence of craftsmanship became another climax in the history of Chinese inkstone. Because of its solid nature, spreading the world and immortal, texture, beautiful, carving exquisite, by the emperors will be phase, up to the dignitaries and literati respected, become a practical set