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在飞机鸟撞的课题研究中,数值模拟占据着日益重要的地位,而数值模拟的精度在很大程度上依赖于铆钉力学参数的准确性,但是目前航空铆钉的动态力学性能参数还很匮乏。本文测定了航空铝合金铆钉在不同加载速度下的剪切和拉伸力学性能。设计了基于分离式Hopkinson拉杆系统的铆钉动态性能测试装置,并利用此装置对7种不同型号的航空铆钉进行了动态剪切和拉伸试验,得到了每种型号铆钉的动态力学性能。利用电子万能试验机对7种铆钉进行了两种应变率下的准静态剪切和拉伸试验,并且和动态试验结果进行对比。讨论了加载速度、加载形式、铆钉直径以及铆钉形式对铆钉力学性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了铆钉剪切破坏以及拉伸破坏的断口形貌,分析了其破坏形式。本文的研究结果对于航空铝合金铆钉在工程中的应用、尤其是在抗冲击领域的应用具有指导意义。
Numerical simulation plays an increasingly important role in the research of aircraft bird collision. The accuracy of numerical simulation largely depends on the accuracy of rivet mechanical parameters. However, the dynamic mechanical performance parameters of aviation rivets are still scarce. This paper measured the shear and tensile mechanical properties of aviation aluminum alloy rivets under different loading speeds. The dynamic performance testing device of rivets based on the split Hopkinson bar system is designed. The dynamic rivets of seven different types of aviation rivets are dynamically sheared and tensile tested. The dynamic mechanical properties of rivets are obtained. Seven types of rivets were subjected to quasi-static shear and tensile tests at two strain rates using an electronic universal testing machine, and compared with the dynamic test results. The effects of loading speed, loading form, rivet diameter and rivet form on the mechanical properties of rivets were discussed. The fracture morphology of rivets was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the failure modes were analyzed. The research results of this paper are instructive for the application of aviation aluminum rivets in engineering, especially in the field of impact resistance.