磨沟齐家文化墓地位于甘肃省临潭县境内,2008年以来进行大规模发掘。首次共发掘清理346座墓葬,墓葬结构与埋葬现象极为复杂,引起了学术界的广泛关注。其中,在数量占绝对优势的竖穴偏室墓中,墓道埋人现象较为常见,且埋葬特点不尽一致。在系统整理与分类考察的基础上,可以发现墓道葬人现象不仅葬式和分布位置具有多样性特点,而且形成原因也甚为复杂,往往与墓葬的埋葬过程及使用特点密切相关。进而,通过葬式、随葬品及其他现象的计量分析,明显可以把墓道埋人现象分为殉人类和非殉人类(正常埋葬)两大类,而殉人类占绝大多数。在此基础上,重新审视以往发现的成年男女合葬墓,则在埋葬方式与埋葬过程等方面揭示出以往关于女性为妻妾殉葬的论证并不充分。根据磨沟墓地墓道殉人现象与偏室合葬特点以及其他墓地成年男女合葬墓综合分析,可以认为齐家文化的殉人现象并不能用男尊女卑或等级观念来解释,而殉人现象出现与流行的原因可能与战争直接有关。 Mogou Qijia Culture Cemetery is located in Lintan County, Gansu Province, since 2008, large-scale excavation. For the first time, a total of 346 tombs were cleared and cleaned up. The structure and burial of tombs are extremely complicated, arousing widespread concern in academia. Among them, the number of vertical partial room tomb in the absolute majority, the phenomenon of burying the grave is more common, and the burial characteristics are not the same. On the basis of systematizing and classification, we can find that the phenomenon of burial people in the tomb is not only the characteristics of burial patterns and distribution, but also the reasons for its formation are very complicated, which are often closely related to the burial process and the characteristics of the burials. Furthermore, through the measurement and analysis of burials, burial goods and other phenomena, it is obvious that the phenomenon of buried people in the tombs can be divided into two major categories, the sacrificial martyrs and the non-martyrs (normal burials), while the martyrs are the overwhelming majority. On the basis of this, re-examining the previously found tombs of adult men and women reveals that there is not enough evidence on the burial of women as wives and concubines in terms of methods of burial and burial. According to the martyrdom of Mogou cemetery and the burial characteristics of the partial chamber and the comprehensive analysis of the burial tombs of adult men and women in other cemetery, it can be argued that the phenomenon of the sacrifice of Qijia culture can not be explained by the inferiority or hierarchy of masculinity and the appearance and prevalence of martyrs The reason may be directly related to the war.