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目的了解南昌大学大学生的体质健康状况,探究不同体质指数水平对大学生体质健康的影响。方法按照2014年修订的《国家学生体质标准》的要求,分别于2014年和2015年对南昌大学前湖校区2013级本科生进行各项体质指标(BMI、肺活量、50 m跑、坐位体前屈、立定跳远、800/1 000 m长跑和仰卧起坐/引体向上)的测评。根据BMI(WHO规定)分组后,比较不同组大学生的体质健康状况及其变化。结果 2014-2015年,男生超重和肥胖的发生率由14.1%增加到15.9%(χ2=6.02,P=0.014),而女生则变化不大(χ2=3.69,P=0.055)。两年中,正常组大学生的各项体质指标(除肺活量以外)成绩均优于超重肥胖组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2014-2015年,超重肥胖组学生多项体质指标成绩变化明显:男生坐位体前屈成绩由(11.9±6.9)cm上升到(13.2±6.2)cm(t=-3.59,P<0.001),引体向上由2(1,4)个增至3(1,5)个(z=10.09,P<0.001),而1 000 m跑用时则从(277.6±42.3)s增加为(289.4±45.6)s(t=-5.09,P<0.001);女生50 m跑的成绩由(9.4±0.9)s减少到(9.2±0.9)s(t=2.35,P=0.019),仰卧起坐由(32.6±8.0)个增至(36.4±7.0)个(t=-5.31,P<0.001),而800 m跑用时则从(257.2±29.0)s增加为(265.9±32.8)s(t=-2.59,P=0.003)。与2014年相比,男生各组体质健康综合评分均有所下降(P<0.05),其中超重肥胖组由(60.8±8.8)分下降到(58.4±9.4)分(t=5.15,P<0.001);女生各组体质综合评分无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论 2014-2015年,南昌大学前湖校区2013级本科生男生体质健康水平有所下降,女生变化不明显。超重和肥胖不利于大学生的体质健康和发展,应采取针对性的措施,改善学生的体质健康状况及其发展。
Objective To understand the constitutional health status of college students in Nanchang University and explore the effect of different levels of body mass index on the constitutional health of college students. Methods According to the requirements of National Physical Standards for Students revised in 2014, the physique indexes (BMI, vital capacity, 50-m-long run, sitting forward flexion and body flexion) of 2013 grade undergraduates in Qianhu Campus of Nanchang University were assessed in 2014 and 2015, , Standing long jump, 800/1000 m long-distance running and sit-ups / pull-ups). After grouping according to the BMI (WHO regulations), the constitutional health status and its changes in different groups of college students were compared. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys increased from 14.1% to 15.9% (χ2 = 6.02, P = 0.014) between 2014 and 2015, while girls did not change much (χ2 = 3.69, P = 0.055). In two years, all the physical fitness indexes (except the vital capacity) of the students in the normal group were better than that of the overweight and obesity group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). In 2014-2015, the performance of students in overweight and obesity group varied significantly: the boys’ sitting flexion increased from (11.9 ± 6.9) cm to (13.2 ± 6.2) cm (t = -3.59, P <0.001) The body motion increased from 2 (1, 4) to 3 (1, 5) (z = 10.09, P <0.001) and increased from (277.6 ± 42.3) s to (289.4 ± 45.6) (t = -5.09, P <0.001). The score of female students in 50 m race decreased from 9.4 ± 0.9 s to 9.2 ± 0.9 s (t = 2.35, P = 0.019) (T = -5.31, P <0.001) at 800 m, and increased from (257.2 ± 29.0) s to (265.9 ± 32.8) s at t = -2.59, P = 0.003). Compared with 2014, the scores of physical health of boys in all groups decreased (P <0.05), and the percentage of overweight and obesity decreased from (60.8 ± 8.8) points to (58.4 ± 9.4) points (t = 5.15, P <0.001) ). There was no significant change in girls’ physique comprehensive score (P> 0.05). Conclusions From 2014 to 2015, the physical fitness of boys undergraduates of 2013 undergraduates in Qianhu Campus of Nanchang University decreased while the changes of girls were not obvious. Overweight and obesity are not conducive to the health and development of college students, we should take targeted measures to improve the physical health of students and their development.