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鄂尔多斯盆地是中国规模最大的低渗透油气资源勘探与开发基地,其低渗透油气藏具有油层物性差、非均质性强、油藏成藏因素复杂、油藏分布受多种因素联合控制等特点。在回顾鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏成藏理论研究和勘探历史经验基础上,认为目前鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏成藏研究存在两大理论体系,即沉积学控制成藏理论和运移动力学控制成藏理论,前者从沉积特征出发,强调储层砂体沉积相、非均质性和成岩作用在低渗透性油藏形成中的控制作用,后者从石油运移与聚集过程出发,强调运移动力学在初次运移和二次运移中的重要作用。但是目前低渗透油气成藏研究存在一定的局限性和片面性,过分强调了单个地质因素的作用,其中沉积学控制成藏理论局限于沉积相划分和沉积模式建立方面,过多地强调了沉积相对成藏因素静态的控制作用,而忽视了油气成藏过程的动态属性;运移动力学控制成藏理论却过分强调了油气流体运移过程的模式化和公式化,过分夸大和随意解释了油气运移成藏记录———油气包裹体的作用及其原始地质意义,轻视了深部地层条件下油气运移的复杂性和油气包裹体记录的多解性。因此,传统的单因素控制油气成藏理论和相应的勘探研究方法已经不能确切揭示油气富集规律和有效指导勘探工作。低渗透油气藏成藏理论研究趋势是要重视分析油气藏地质记录,动态研究油气藏形成和演化历史过程,总结油气富集规律,为油气勘探战略部署提供重要资料。
The Ordos Basin is the largest low-permeability oil and gas resource exploration and development base in China. Its low-permeability reservoirs have the characteristics of poor reservoir property, strong heterogeneity, complex reservoir formation factors, and the reservoir distribution being controlled by various factors . On the basis of reviewing the reservoir formation theory and exploration history of low-permeability reservoirs in the Ordos Basin, it is considered that there are two theoretical systems in the study of reservoir formation in the low-permeability reservoirs of the Ordos Basin at present: sedimentology controlled reservoir formation theory and transport kinetic control Theory. The former, based on sedimentary features, emphasizes the controlling role of sedimentary facies, heterogeneity and diagenesis in the formation of low-permeability reservoirs. The latter, starting from the process of petroleum migration and accumulation, emphasizes the migration kinetics Important role in primary migration and secondary migration. However, there are some limitations and one-sidedness in the research of low permeability oil and gas accumulation. Overemphasis on the role of a single geological factor, in which sedimentology-controlled reservoir formation theory is limited to the establishment of sedimentary facies division and sedimentary model, emphasizes too much on deposition But the dynamic properties of hydrocarbon accumulation process are neglected. The theory of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation control emphasizes the modeization and formulaization of the migration process of oil-gas fluids, exaggerating and arbitrarily explaining the hydrocarbon migration Accumulation record - the role of oil and gas inclusions and their original geological significance, underestimate the complexity of hydrocarbon migration under deep formation conditions and the multi-solution records of oil and gas inclusions. Therefore, the traditional theory of single-factor controlled oil and gas accumulation and corresponding exploration and research methods have failed to reveal the law of hydrocarbon enrichment and effectively guide the exploration. The trend of research on the theory of hydrocarbon accumulation in low-permeability reservoirs should pay attention to analyzing the geological records of oil and gas reservoirs, dynamically study the formation and evolution history of oil and gas reservoirs, summarize the laws of hydrocarbon enrichment and provide important information for the strategic deployment of oil and gas exploration.