多原发癌(Multiple Primary Carcinoma MPC)近几年来受到国内外学者的日益重视,而发生于老年人者并不少见。但肺和食道同时或异时发生的MPC由于受局部解剖学等因素的影响,常易被误诊为相互转移而报道较少。本文就作者诊治的肺和食道的MPC两例作以报告,并结合文献进行讨论。临床资料例1,男,73岁,干部,以“进行性吞咽困难1月”之主诉入院。原有慢性支气管炎病史5年,返流性食道炎3年。吸烟40余年,每日20~30支。查体见发育良好。营养差,消瘦明显,皮肤粘膜未见黄染,浅表淋巴结不肿大。头颅五官无畸形,甲状腺不大,气管居中,桶状胸,双肺叩诊过清音,呼吸音低, Multiple primary carcinomas (MPCs) have received increasing attention from scholars at home and abroad in recent years, and it is not uncommon for them to occur in the elderly. However, due to the influence of local anatomy and other factors, the MPCs occurring at the same time or at different times in the lungs and esophagus are often misdiagnosed as mutual metastases and are rarely reported. This article reports on two cases of pulmonary and esophageal MPC diagnosed and treated by the author and discusses the literature. Clinical data Example 1, male, 73 years old, cadres, admitted to hospital with the main complaint of “difficult to swallow for one month”. The original history of chronic bronchitis was 5 years and reflux esophagitis was 3 years. Smoking for more than 40 years, daily 20 to 30. Physical examination shows good development. Poor nutrition, weight loss, no yellow skin and mucous membranes, superficial lymph nodes are not swollen. No deformity of head and skulls, small thyroid glands, central trachea, barrel chest, bilateral hypophrenia, and low breath sounds.