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【目的】研究稻草、玉米秸秆和甘蔗渣覆盖对茶园土壤养分的影响,筛选出适宜的覆盖材料,为茶园的可持续发展提供理论依据。【方法】在成龄茶园中,设覆盖厚度相同(8 cm)的稻草、玉米秸秆、甘蔗渣处理和不覆盖处理作对照(CK),测定不同处理土壤有机质、土壤碱解氮、土壤速效磷、土壤速效钾等含量和土壤含水量、茶鲜叶产量及茶叶理化成分等指标。【结果】覆盖稻草、玉米秸秆和甘蔗渣处理可提高0~60 cm土层土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾的含量;覆盖稻草和玉米秸秆处理可提高0~40 cm土层土壤碱解氮的含量;覆盖甘蔗渣处理使0~60 cm土层土壤碱解氮含量降低,土壤pH值增高。在夏、秋茶期3个覆盖处理0~60 cm土层的土壤含水量均高于CK;春茶期,3个覆盖处理0~20cm土层的土壤含水量均高于CK,稻草处理的土壤含水量最高。覆盖玉米秸秆和稻草处理的鲜叶产量分别比CK增加13.42%和9.47%,覆盖甘蔗渣的产量较CK降低了5.26%。覆盖3种秸秆处理可使茶叶的茶多酚含量增高,氨基酸含量降低。【结论】稻草和玉米秸秆覆盖可促进茶园土壤养分的供应,提高茶树产量。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of straw, corn stover and sugar cane bagasse on soil nutrient in tea plantation and to screen suitable covering materials to provide theoretical basis for the sustainable development of tea plantation. 【Method】 The straw, corn stalk, bagasse and bagasse with the same thickness (8 cm) were used as control (CK) in mature tea plantation. The contents of soil organic matter, soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus , Soil available potassium content and soil moisture content, fresh tea leaf yield and physical and chemical composition of tea and other indicators. 【Result】 The results showed that straw, corn stalks and bagasse treatment could increase soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium in 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer. Covering straw and corn stalk could increase soil available nitrogen The content of alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen in 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer decreased with the treatment of bagasse, and the soil pH value increased. Soil moisture of 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer was higher than that of CK in 3 cover treatments in summer and autumn. In spring tea period, soil moisture of 3 soil layers covering 0 ~ 20 cm was higher than that of CK, straw treatment The highest soil moisture content. The yield of fresh leaves covering corn stalks and straw was increased by 13.42% and 9.47% respectively than that of CK and the yield of bagasse covered by straw was reduced by 5.26% compared with CK. Covering three kinds of straw treatment can increase the tea polyphenols content, amino acid content decreased. 【Conclusion】 Covering straw and corn straw can promote the supply of nutrients in tea plantation so as to increase the yield of tea tree.