Vinyl Groups Containing Tetraphenylethylene Derivatives as Fluorescent Probes Specific for Palladium

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Main observation and conclusionrnWe previously reported that a series of tetraphenylethylene(TPE)-containing all-hydrocarbon conjugated polymers exhibited a spe-cific fluorescence quenching by palladium ions(Pd2+).To understand the quenching mechanism,herein we investigate the quenching behaviors of three TPE derivatives in the presence of Pd2+.Each TPE derivative,consisting of TPE unit and terminal vinyl groups,shows an aggregation-induced emission(AIE)and its fluorescence turns off specifically to Pd2+.The sensitivity is enhanced with increasing numbers of vinyl groups in the molecules.By time-resolved fluorescence measurement,a dynamic quenching is observed where the fluorescence lifetime is reduced with Pd2+.Specifically,the quenching occurs via the electron transfer in the excited states,as sug-gested by the disappearance of the stimulated emission band in transient absorption spectra.A theoretical calculation on the excited states identifies intermolecular electron transfer from TPE derivatives to Pd,especially for electron-rich TPE derivative.The mecha-nism can be general for the design of novel AIE active chemosensors.
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