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目的了解宁夏某采油厂工作场所中的主要职业病危害因素和接触职业病危害因素工人的健康状况。方法对2013—2015年宁夏某采油厂进行职业卫生调查,对接触职业病危害因素的在岗工人进行职业健康检查,对工作场所进行职业病危害因素检测。结果 3年噪声检测合格率为86.7%,三苯(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)、非甲烷总烃、粉尘分别为92.7%、98.7%、99.4%。其他危害因素检测合格率均为100.0%。2013—2015年该采油厂职业健康检查率分别为80.0%、84.9%、94.9%,年度间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。噪声作业人员共检出264人听力异常,其中职业病禁忌证36人,双耳高频、语频听阈损伤67人,双耳高频听阈损伤161人。3年听力异常检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。粉尘作业工人累计检出职业禁忌证9人,轻度限制性肺通气功能障碍35人。3年中白细胞或血小板异常检出率分别为7.3%、5.4%、3.2%,年度间差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论该采油厂所面临的主要职业病危害因素是三苯和噪声,对作业工人的听力和血常规有不良影响,应不断改善作业环境,做好职业病的三级预防工作。
Objective To understand the main occupational hazards in the workplace and the health status of workers exposed to occupational hazards in a production plant in Ningxia. Methods An occupational health survey was conducted on a oil extraction plant in Ningxia during 2013-2015. Occupational health examination was carried out on the employed workers in contact with occupational hazards and the workplace occupational hazards were tested. Results The qualified rate of 3 years noise test was 86.7%. The total benzene, toluene, xylene, non-methane hydrocarbons and dust were 92.7%, 98.7% and 99.4% respectively. Other hazards testing pass rate was 100.0%. The occupational health check rates of the oil production plant in 2013-2015 were 80.0%, 84.9% and 94.9% respectively, with a significant difference between the years (P <0.01). A total of 264 hearing abnormalities were detected in noise workers, including 36 contraindications to occupational diseases, high frequency binocular sounds, 67 hearing loss thresholds and 161 hearing loss hearing loss in both ears. The prevalence of hearing abnormalities in 3 years was significantly different (P <0.01). Nine dust-checking workers have been found contraindicated in occupational diseases and 35 have mild restrictive pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. The detection rates of leucocyte or platelet abnormalities in 3 years were 7.3%, 5.4% and 3.2%, respectively. There was also a significant difference between years (P <0.01). Conclusion The main occupational hazards that the plant faces are triphenyl and noise, which have adverse effects on the hearing and blood routine of working workers. The working environment should be continuously improved and tertiary prevention of occupational diseases should be well done.