糖尿病是一种慢性代谢障碍性疾病,随着发病率的逐年增高,已成为人类健康的主要威胁之一。脑微血管病变是糖尿病的特征性病理改变,是糖尿病脑部慢性并发症的病理基础,主要见于阿尔茨海默症和腔隙性脑梗死患者,是导致糖尿病患者致死致残的主要原因之一。其致病机制复杂,涉及多元醇代谢异常、糖化反应亢进、氧化应激、β淀粉样蛋白跨血脑屏障的异常转运、蛋白激酶C激活等多个方面,以发病机制为靶点的治疗可能会为预防和延缓糖尿病脑微血管病变的发生发展带来新的希望。目前,对糖尿病脑微血管病变的机制、诊断和治疗方法的研究较为广泛,已成为医学研究的一大热点。该文拟对糖尿病诱发的脑微血管病变的发病机制,临床诊断与治疗策略方面的研究进行综述,以期为糖尿病脑微血管病变的预防和治疗提供新的思路。 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that has become one of the major threats to human health as its incidence increases year by year. Cerebral microvascular disease is a characteristic pathological change of diabetes mellitus, is the pathological basis of chronic complications of diabetes brain, mainly seen in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and lacunar infarction, is one of the leading causes of death caused by diabetes. Its pathogenic mechanism is complex, involving polyol metabolic abnormalities, hyperthyroidism, oxidative stress, β-amyloid transaminase translocation across the blood-brain barrier, protein kinase C activation and many other aspects of the pathogenesis may target the treatment may It will bring new hope for preventing and delaying the occurrence and development of diabetic microangiopathy. At present, the research on the mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of diabetic microangiopathy is extensive and has become a hot topic in medical research. This article intends to review the research on the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis and treatment strategy of diabetes mellitus-induced microangiopathy, in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of diabetic microangiopathy.