In this paper, the design optimization of the structural parameters of multilayer conductors in high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable is reviewed. Various optimization methods, such as the particle swarm optimization (PSO), the genetic algorithm (GA), and a robust optimization method based on design for six sigma (DFSS), have been applied to realize uniform current distribution among the multi- layer HTS conductors. The continuous and discrete variables, such as the winding angle, radius, and winding direction of each layer, are chosen as the design parameters. Under the constraints of the mechanical properties and critical current, PSO is proven to be a more powerful tool than GA for structural parameter optimization, and DFSS can not only achieve a uniform current distribution, but also improve significantly the reliability and robustness of the HTS cable quality.