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在河南省西部丘陵旱耕地上,研究了保水剂(0、45、60kg.hm-2)、秸秆覆盖(3000和6000kg.hm-2)和地膜覆盖(<0.005mm)对冬小麦生长发育、土壤水分和降水利用的影响.结果表明:3种措施均能促进冬小麦生长,改善土壤水分和养分状况,提高冬小麦产量和降水利用效率,特别是保水剂与秸秆覆盖、保水剂与地膜覆盖相结合效果更显著.与对照相比,不同措施使冬小麦不同生育期土壤含水量提高0.1%～6.5%,拔节期前地膜覆盖处理保墒效果最佳,拔节期后保水剂处理保墒效果较佳,扬花期和灌浆期墒情最差.不同措施使冬小麦产量比对照提高2.6%～20.1%,并以秸秆覆盖+保水剂处理最佳,增产14.2%～20.1%;其次为地膜+保水剂处理,平均增产11.9%.不同措施降水利用效率存在相同趋势,比对照提高0.4～3.2kg.mm-1.hm-2.表明地面覆盖和保水剂的应用改善了农田土壤水分状况和养分状况,提高了降水利用率,从而促进了冬小麦分蘖,提高了穗粒数和千粒重.
The effects of water-retaining agent (0, 45, 60kg.hm-2), straw mulching (3000 and 6000kg.hm-2) and mulching (<0.005mm) on the growth and development of winter wheat were studied on the dry farmland in the western hills of Henan Province. Water and precipitation.The results showed that all three kinds of measures could promote the growth of winter wheat, improve the soil moisture and nutrient status, increase the yield and precipitation efficiency of winter wheat, especially the combination of water-retaining agent and straw mulching, water-retaining agent and plastic film mulching More significant.Compared with the control, soil moisture increased by 0.1% ~ 6.5% in different growth stages of winter wheat under different measures, and the effect of soil moisture conservation was the best when plastic film mulching was applied before jointing stage, The soil moisture at filling stage was the worst, and the yield of winter wheat increased by 2.6% ~ 20.1% compared with the control by different measures. The treatment with straw mulching and water retaining agent was the best, yielding 14.2% ~ 20.1%; followed by mulching + water retaining agent, The precipitation efficiency of different measures had the same tendency, which was 0.4 ~ 3.2kg.mm-1.hm-2 higher than that of the control.The results showed that the application of ground cover and water-retaining agent improved soil moisture status and nutrient status of farmland and increased the utilization rate of precipitation, From While promoting the tillering of winter wheat and increasing the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight.