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口传史诗的不同唱本之间,按变异程度上的差异,互相成为异文与变体关系。在词语上或“故事的那些非实质性部分”上有所不同的文本,相互之间形成异文关系;在故事的某些重要方面发生变异的,相互之间成为变体。保持异文关系,是史诗变异的一般限度;保持变体关系,则是底线,突破它意味着新的史诗篇章的诞生。文章以《汗青格勒》史诗中蒙异文为例,探讨在蒙古史诗传统中存在的英雄的妻子/妹妹、结义兄弟/对手两组可转换角色对史诗变体的生成所起的作用,认为角色的转换带来叙述套路的调整,虽然异文之间表层故事上有较大差异,但在故事结构上,仍然维持着较为清晰的一致性,从而在两国异文之间形成变体关系。
Different versions of oral epic poem, according to the differences in the degree of variation, become synonymous with each other and variant relations. Texts that differ on the words or on the “insubstantial parts of the story” have an anonymous relationship to one another; variations occur in certain important aspects of the story and become variants of one another. Maintaining the relationship between foreign languages is the general limit of epic variation; to maintain the relationship of variation is the bottom line. Breaking it means the birth of a new epic chapter. Taking the Mongolian essay in the epic of “Khan” as an example, the article explores the role played by two groups of convertible characters such as heroes’ wives / younger sisters in the epic tradition of Mongolia in the epic variant generation. The conversion of roles leads to the adjustment of narrative routines. Although the superficial stories are quite different among the different languages, the structure of the stories still maintains a clearer coherence and thus forms a variant relationship between the foreign languages of the two countries .