一 问题的由来 历史学命途多舛,这看来在中外各国都是个普遍的现象。当代著名历史学家巴勒克拉夫在《当代史学主要趋势》一书中,对20世纪的世界各国史学状况作了全面总结之后,也不无感慨地写道:“也许正是研究对象的缘故,历史学比其他任何一门科学更加肩荷着过去的重负,从而蒙受着苦难。”不过,如以此话来看承受着最深厚历史遗产的中国历史学的话,那 The Origin of a Problem Historically a long way to go, it seems to be a common phenomenon in all countries. In the Book “The Main Trend of Contemporary History”, contemporary famous historian Balaclave made a comprehensive summary of the historical situation of all the countries in the 20th century and wrote with no emotion: “Perhaps it is the object of study History suffers much more than any other science in the past, bearing in mind the hardships of history. ”However, in this light, Chinese history, with its deepest historical legacy,