蓖麻毒素是从植物蓖麻籽中分离得到的一种Ⅱ型核糖体失活蛋白,其A链(RTA)为效应链,具有N-糖苷酶活性,通过催化28SrRNA在S/R结构域第4324位脱去一个保守的腺嘌呤,使核糖体60S亚基失活,从而阻断蛋白质合成途径,引起细胞死亡。RTA因其高细胞毒性,常常用于制备免疫毒素药物,尤其在恶性肿瘤的生物治疗上具有诱人的应用前景;或可能被用作恐怖袭击的生物战剂。本文对RTA与底物相互作用的结构信息及其解毒剂进行综述。 Ricin is a type II ribosome-inactivating protein isolated from plant castor seeds. The A chain (RTA) is an effector chain with N-glycosidase activity. By catalyzing the 28SrRNA in the S / R domain At position 4324, a conserved adenine is taken off which inactivates the 60S subunit of ribosomes, blocking the protein synthesis pathway and causing cell death. Because of its high cytotoxicity, RTA is often used in the preparation of immunotoxin drugs, especially in biomedical applications of malignancies, and may be used as a biological warfare agent for terrorist attacks. This review summarizes the structural information on the interaction between RTA and substrate and its antidote.