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目的了解宁夏职业暴露人群高致病性H5N1禽流感病毒的感染状况和环境高致病性禽流感病毒的分布情况,为其预防控制策略的制定提供科学依据。方法根据《2011年全国职业暴露人群血清学和环境高致病性禽流感监测方案》的要求,采用马红细胞血凝抑制试验检测职业暴露人群H5N1血凝素抗体;采用Real-timePCR对环境标本进行H5、H7、H9禽流感病毒核酸检测。结果职业暴露人群400人份血清H5N1抗体均为阴性;环境标本302份禽流感病毒核酸监测A型阳性率为8.61%(其中H9阳性率6.62%,H5阳性率2.65%,H7均为阴性)。A型禽流感病毒核酸阳性样本分布于3个监测县(区),其中1个监测县(区)检出H5、1个监测县(区)检出H9、另一个监测县(区)检出H5和H9。不同监测场所环境样本禽流感病毒核酸检测结果显示,城乡活禽市场样本阳性率最高。结论宁夏监测点环境中存在H5、H9禽流感病毒,禽流感病毒显地区性分布的特点,城乡活禽市场是禽流感病毒重要的集散地。宁夏尚无人感染H5N1禽流感。
Objective To understand the infection status of H5N1 avian influenza virus and the distribution of environmental HPAI in the occupationally exposed population in Ningxia and to provide a scientific basis for its prevention and control strategy. Methods According to the requirements of the National Occupational Exposure Program of Serum and Environmental HPAI Surveillance in 2011, the H5N1 hemagglutinin antibody was detected by using the equine hemagglutination inhibition test in males and the environmental samples were detected by Real-time PCR H5, H7, H9 bird flu virus nucleic acid detection. Results The serum H5N1 antibody was negative in 400 people exposed to occupational exposure. The positive rate of type A nucleic acid in 302 samples of avian influenza virus was 8.61% (H2 positive rate was 6.62%, H5 positive rate was 2.65%, H7 was negative). The positive samples of avian influenza A virus were distributed in three monitoring counties (districts). One of the counties (districts) detected H5, one county (district) detected H9, and the other county (district) detected H5 and H9. The results of nucleic acid detection of avian influenza virus in different monitoring sites showed that the positive rate was highest in the samples of live poultry in urban and rural areas. Conclusion H5 and H9 avian influenza viruses are present in the environment of monitoring sites in Ningxia. The characteristics of the avian influenza virus are obviously distributed. Live poultry markets in urban and rural areas are important distribution centers for avian influenza virus. Ningxia still no one infected with H5N1 bird flu.