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作为19—20世纪之交影响深远的戏剧大家之一,高尔基以其充满哲理思索和民族诉求的剧作,成为20世纪俄罗斯剧坛上的旗帜性人物。伴随着社会历史的发展和戏剧创作历程的转换,高尔基的戏剧风格和戏剧思想也逐渐深化,体现出他对俄罗斯社会发展与民族性、底层民众与十月革命、知识分子与民众等重大问题的深刻思考。伴随从白银时代文学到苏维埃时期文学的转型,高尔基的剧作主题不断嬗变与实验,剧作体式不断探索与革新,剧作思想也随之不断转型与深化,大致体现出从底层苦难书写到知识分子批判、从知识分子批判到自由主义启蒙、从自由主义启蒙到社会民主主义探讨的路标转换。由此,高尔基剧作思想之流变和流布,成为管窥从白银时代文学到苏维埃文学之际类型转换的一种侧影书写和一枚鲜活标本,不仅具有阐释剧作主题与剧作思想变迁的本体论价值,而且具有识读知识分子文学创作与思想探讨的主体论价值,更蕴含识读20世纪俄罗斯戏剧嬗变、文学变迁、文化走向、知识谱系建构,乃至话语分析阐释的思想史意义。
As one of the most influential dramas at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Gorky became a banner figure in the 20th century Russian theater with his philosophical and ethnical play. With the development of social history and the transition of dramatic writing process, Gorky’s dramatic style and dramatic thought are gradually deepened, reflecting his major questions about social development and ethnicity in Russia, the grassroots and the October Revolution, intellectuals and the general public Deep thinking. With the transition from the literature of the Silver Age to the literature of the Soviet era, Gorky’s themes and themes of the play constantly evolved and experimented. The style of the play continued to be explored and innovated. As a result, the thought of the play continued to be transformed and deepened, generally reflecting the transformation from the misery writing to the knowledge Molecular criticism, criticism from intellectuals to liberalism enlightenment, enlightenment from liberalism to social democracy. As a result, the changing and spreading of Gorky’s dramatic ideas become a kind of silhouette writing and a vivid specimen of the type conversion from the Silver Age literature to that of the Soviet literature, which not only has the function of explaining the themes of the play and the dramatic changes of the play But also has the value of subjectivity discussed in the literary creation and thinking of reading intellectuals. It also contains the significance of the ideological history of the evolution of Russian drama in the 20th century, the evolution of literature, the trend of culture, the pedigree of knowledge, and even the analysis of discourse.