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【目的】探讨黄荆Vitex negundo提取物对棉蚜Aphis gossypii的生物活性,并明确其中的有效成分,为进一步开发利用该杀虫植物提供理论基础。【方法】采用不同有机溶剂、超临界CO2萃取和水蒸气蒸馏3种提取方法,分别从黄荆的种子和叶片中提取活性物质。采用浸渍法测定了各提取物对棉蚜无翅成蚜的杀虫活性;并采用酸水提取法提取了其中的生物碱,采用毛细管点滴法测定黄荆生物碱对棉蚜生长发育及蜜露产生的影响。【结果】二氯甲烷种子提取物、甲醇种子提取物和水蒸气蒸馏得到的叶片精油对棉蚜无翅成蚜杀虫活性高,1 200 mg/L处理24 h校正死亡率分别达到86.98%,65.01%和85.27%。黄荆生物碱对棉蚜无翅成蚜有一定的忌避活性,20~40 mg/m L处理12 h时,忌避率在50%以上;对棉蚜无翅成蚜毒杀活性略低于黄荆种子二氯甲烷提取物,LD30浓度处理存活成蚜的产仔量和蜜露分泌量均较对照明显降低,处理到第10天棉蚜已经全部死亡,而对照组棉蚜第10天的存活率却为70%,生物碱处理后的9 d平均单雌棉蚜累计产仔量比对照减少了57.66%。排蜜频率、总排蜜量及单滴蜜露重量较对照处理组分别降低了13.18%,20.00%和8.79%。【结论】黄荆种子二氯甲烷提取物杀棉蚜活性最高,其中的生物碱是主要的杀蚜活性成分且对棉蚜生长发育及产仔和蜜露分泌具有一定的抑制作用。
【Objective】 To investigate the biological activity of Vitex negundo extract on Aphis gossypii and to identify its active ingredients and provide the theoretical basis for further development and utilization of the insecticidal plant. 【Method】 Three kinds of extraction methods, such as different organic solvents, supercritical CO2 extraction and steam distillation, were used to extract the active substances from the seeds and leaves of Vitex japonicus respectively. The insecticidal activity of each extract on aphid-free aphids was determined by impregnation method. The alkaloids were extracted by acid-water extraction method. The alkaloids were determined by capillary instillation method. The effects of alkaloids on the growth and development, The impact of. 【Result】 The results showed that the leaf essential oil extracted from dichloromethane seed extract, methanol seed extract and steam distillation had a high insecticidal activity against aphid-free aphids. The corrected mortality rate after 24 h treatment of 1 200 mg / L reached 86.98% 65.01% and 85.27%. Huang Jing alkaloids on the aphids of aphids have no avoidability of aphids, 20 ~ 40 mg / m L treatment for 12 h, the avoidance rate of more than 50%; aphid insects aphid poisonous aphid toxicity slightly lower than the yellow Jing seed methylene chloride extract, LD30 concentration survived into aphids in the amount of calves and honey secretion were significantly lower than the control, treatment to the 10th day of aphids have all been killed, while the control group of cotton aphid survival on the 10th day The rate was 70%. The average litter size of the single female aphid after 9 days of alkaloid treatment was 57.66% less than that of the control. The frequency of honey discharge, the total amount of honey discharged and the weight of honey drop per drop were reduced by 13.18%, 20.00% and 8.79% respectively compared with the control group. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that dichloromethane extract of P. armeniacum had the highest activity to kill cotton aphid. The alkaloids among them were the main active ingredients to kill aphids and had a certain inhibitory effect on the growth and development of aphids and the secretion of honeydew and honeydew.