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目的探讨不同胎龄早产儿1岁时体格发育和神经发育的差异。方法随访年龄达到1岁的早产儿,分为早期早产儿(EPI)组(胎龄<34周)和晚期早产儿(LPI)组(34周≤胎龄<37周),比较两组体重和身长发育的差异、体重和身长增长迟缓发生率,以及运动发育指数(PDI)、智力发育指数(MDI)和精神运动发育的差异。结果 EPI组68例,LPI组106例。1岁时两组体重差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),EPI组身长低于LPI组[(74.1±2.2)cm比(75.9±2.9)cm,P<0.05)],身长增长迟缓发生率高于LPI组(26.5%比7.4%,P<0.05)。校正年龄6个月和1岁时两组MDI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),EPI组PDI低于LPI组[(77.7±9.4)分比(86.6±11.4)分,(81.0±12.1)分比(88.2±11.5)分,P均<0.05)]。脑性瘫痪EPI组2例,LPI组3例。结论 1岁时EPI身长和运动发育较LPI明显延迟,应重视不同胎龄早产儿的出院后干预。
Objective To investigate the difference of physical development and neurodevelopment between preterm infants of different gestational ages at 1 year old. Methods The preterm infants of 1 year old were followed up and divided into early preterm infants (EPI) group (gestational age <34 weeks) and late LPI group (34 weeks ≤ gestational age <37 weeks). The body weight and Differences in length growth, weight and length growth retardation, and differences in motor developmental index (PDI), mental developmental index (MDI), and psychomotor development. Results The EPI group had 68 cases and the LPI group had 106 cases. At 1 year of age, there was no significant difference in body weight between the two groups (P> 0.05). The length of EPI group was lower than that of LPI group (74.1 ± 2.2 cm vs 75.9 ± 2.9 cm, P <0.05) Higher than LPI group (26.5% vs. 7.4%, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in MDI between the two groups at the age of 6 months and 1 year (P> 0.05). The PDI in the EPI group was lower than that in the LPI group (77.7 ± 9.4) (86.6 ± 11.4), (81.0 ± 12.1) (88.2 ± 11.5) points, all P <0.05)]. Cerebral palsy in EPI group 2 cases, LPI group 3 cases. Conclusions At 1 year of age, the length of EPI and the development of exercise are significantly delayed than that of LPI, and the post-discharge intervention of preterm infants of different gestational age should be emphasized.