背景:学习和记忆的神经基础是中枢神经系统具有高度的可塑性,在中枢神经系统功能重组的过程中需要特定的康复训练。目的:观察康复训练对脑梗死大鼠分辨学习能力和一次性被动回避反应的记忆保持能力与健侧海马神经元N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体通道动力学特性的关系。设计:随机对照动物实验。单位:泸州医学院附属医院康复医学科。材料:实验于2000-03/2002-02在泸州医学院中心实验室完成。选择Wistar雄性大鼠24只,将其随机分为脑梗死自由活动组(模型组)、脑梗死康复训练组(康复组)和正常组,每组8只。方法:①模型制备:康复组和模型组大鼠建立右侧大脑中动脉梗死模型,正常组不做处理。②康复训练:4d后对康复组大鼠进行4周的滚笼训练器、网屏训练器、平衡训练器训练,模型组和正常组不进行训练。③学习记忆测试:各组大鼠于术后第35天进行学习记忆行为学测试。Y-型迷宫实验主要观察大鼠达到9/10正确反应(跑到暗臂)所需的训练次数;多功能条件反射箱实验主要观察大鼠在跳板上停留的时间(步入潜伏期)。④学习记忆测试完后采用细胞贴附式记录海马神经元N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体的单通道电流。主要观察指标:①各组大鼠达到掌握迷宫结构标准所需的训练次数。②各组大鼠步入潜伏期。③各组大鼠N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体的单通道电流特性。结果:24只大鼠均进入分析。①康复组和正常组大鼠达到掌握标准所需次数分别为(68.02±11.67)次和(57.62±10.31)次,而模型组需要(107.07±16.32)次,与前两组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。正常组和康复组比较,差异无显著性(P均>0.05)。②康复组和正常组电击前步入潜伏期中位数分别为286.7s和298.4s,而模型组电击前步入潜伏期中位数仅为126.7s,与前两组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。正常组和康复组比较,差异无显著性(P均>0.05)。③康复组大鼠海马神经元N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体以35pS通道短开放为主,开放概率0.099±0.007。20pS短开放和长开放通道以及35pS短开放时间和概率与正常组比较无显著意义(P>0.05);模型组以20pS通道开放为主,20pS短开放和长开放两个时间常数明显短于康复组同类通道,35pS通道短开放概率为0.036±0.04,低于康复组(P<0.05),无35pS长开放通道。结论:康复训练促进脑梗死大鼠学习记忆能力的恢复是通过健侧海马神经元N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体通道特性的改变而实现的。 Background: The neural basis for learning and memory is the high degree of plasticity of the central nervous system that requires specific rehabilitation training in the functional reorganization of the central nervous system. OBJECTIVE: To observe the relationship between memory retention ability and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel kinetic properties of contralateral hippocampal neurons in rehabilitation training of differentiated learning ability and one-time passive avoidance response in cerebral infarction rats. Design: Randomized controlled animal experiments. Unit: Luzhou Medical College Affiliated Hospital of Rehabilitation Medicine. MATERIALS: Experiments were performed at the Central Laboratory of Luzhou Medical College from March 2000 to February 2002. Twenty - four Wistar male rats were randomly divided into three groups: free cerebral infarction group (model group), cerebral infarction rehabilitation group (rehabilitation group) and normal group (n = 8). Methods: ①Model preparation: The right middle cerebral artery infarction model was established in rehabilitation group and model group, while the normal group was not treated. ② Rehabilitation training: After 4 days, rats in the rehabilitation group were trained for four weeks with cage trainers, screen trainers and balance trainers. The model and normal groups were not trained. ③ learning and memory test: rats in each group on the 35th day after learning and memory behavioral tests. The Y-type maze experiment mainly observed the number of trainings required for rats to reach the 9/10 correct response (ran to the darkarm). The multi-purpose conditioned reflex box experiment mainly observed the time (step-in latency) of rats staying on the springboard. ④ learning and memory test after the use of cell-attached recording hippocampal neurons N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor single channel current. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The number of training required to grasp the standard of the labyrinth structure in each group of rats. ② rats into the incubation period. ③ rat single-channel N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor current characteristics. Results: All 24 rats were involved in the analysis. ① The number of times required to reach the standard of rehabilitation group was (68.02 ± 11.67) times and (57.62 ± 10.31) times respectively in the rehabilitation group and the normal group, while it was (107.07 ± 16.32) times in the model group, which was significantly different from the former two groups (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between normal group and rehabilitation group (all P> 0.05). ② The median latency to entry before rehabilitation was 286.7s and 298.4s respectively in the rehabilitation group and the normal group, while the median latency before the onset of shock in the model group was only 126.7s, which was significantly different from the former two groups (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between normal group and rehabilitation group (all P> 0.05). (3) The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors of hippocampal neurons in the rehabilitation group were mainly open with 35pS channels, the open probability was 0.099 ± 0.007.20pS short open and long open channels and 35pS short open time and probability were The model group was dominated by 20pS channel opening. The time constants of 20pS short opening and long opening were significantly shorter than those of rehabilitation group, and the probability of short opening of 35pS channel was 0.036 ± 0.04, lower In the rehabilitation group (P <0.05), there was no 35pS long open channel. Conclusion: Rehabilitation training can promote learning and memory of rats with cerebral infarction recovery through the n-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel in hippocampal neurons.