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【目的】蛹虫草是一种药(食)用真菌,属典型的子囊菌异宗交配系统,研究蛹虫草交配系统和营养体亲和性。【方法】从蛹虫草子实体进行单孢子分离,获得不同的单子囊孢子群体。选取单子囊孢子菌株进行培养并提取菌丝体DNA,设计特异性引物对其交配型目的基因进行PCR扩增,明确不同群体内部各单子囊孢子菌株的交配型类型并分析其分离比例。随机选取不同交配型代表菌种采用对峙培养方法对相同和不同的交配型菌株的营养体亲和性进行检测。【结果】所有检测的菌株均具有两种交配型MAT1-1或MAT1-2之一。检测的不同群体菌株中两种交配型的分离比例,卡方检验均符合1∶1的理论比值。随机选取不同交配型的菌株进行营养体亲和性对峙培养试验,所选菌株被初步分为4个不同的营养亲和群,蛹虫草存在潜在的遗传分化。相同交配型菌株之间的营养亲和性较高(90%);相反不同交配型菌种之间的营养亲和性比例较低(60%)。【结论】所有供试单子囊菌株只具有一种交配型且未出现偏分离现象,其交配系统与营养体亲和性之间存在一定的相关性,相同交配型菌株组合比不同交配型菌株组合的营养亲和性更普遍,因此利用不同交配型且菌丝体营养亲和性较高的菌种组合,则更有利于发育产生原基,形成子实体。
【Objective】 Cordyceps militaris is a medicinal (food) fungus, belonging to the typical ascosporosis mating system of Ascomycetes, to study the compatibility of militaris and nutriment. 【Method】 Single-spore isolation of Cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies was carried out to obtain different populations of ascospores. Single ascospore strains were selected for culture and mycelium DNA was extracted. Specific primers were designed for PCR amplification of the mating type genes. The types of mating single ascospore strains in different groups were identified and their separation ratios were analyzed. Representative mating strains of different mating types were randomly selected to test the vegetative compatibility of the same and different mating type strains by confrontation culture method. [Results] All the tested strains had one of two mated MAT1-1 or MAT1-2. The detection rates of the two mating types in different groups of strains were in accordance with the theoretical ratio of 1: 1. The strains of different mating types were randomly selected to carry out the confrontation cultivation of vegetative compatibility. The selected strains were initially divided into four different nutrient affinity groups, and the potential genetic differentiation of Cordyceps militaris existed. The same type of mating strains had a higher nutritional affinity (90%); on the contrary, there was a lower proportion of nutritional affinities (60%) among the different mating types. 【Conclusion】 All of the tested Aspergillus strains had only one mating type with no partial segregation. There was a certain correlation between mating and vegetative compatibility. The same mating type strains were more than the mating type strains Of the nutrient affinity is more common, so the use of different mating type and mycelium with higher nutritional affinity of species combinations, it is more conducive to the development of primordia to form fruiting bodies.