目的了解广州、佛山地区学龄期儿童家庭二手烟暴露情况及其面对暴露时的自我保护行为。方法采用自行编制的学龄期儿童二手烟暴露及自我保护行为问卷,对广州、佛山两地共385名三年级以上的小学生进行问卷调查。结果 9.2%的小学生曾经尝试过吸烟,且男童显著高于女童(χ2=9.269,P=0.002);46.8%的学龄期儿童与1个或以上的吸烟者同住,且42.6%的吸烟者每天吸烟;学龄期儿童家庭二手烟暴露的来源除了家庭成员,还有客人,其中29.3%学龄期儿童在调查前一个月内曾暴露在客人的二手烟中,42.6%的家人会主动提供香烟给客人;暴露的场所除了家庭室内还有私家车;但90%以上的学龄期儿童不认可吸烟行为,且认为二手烟对自身有害;面对二手烟暴露,98.8%学龄期儿童会采取主动或者被动的自我保护行为,并且其中大部分会尝试劝家人戒烟,而女童更倾向于劝解家人戒烟(χ2=7.161,P=0.012)。66.7%的吸烟家长被儿童劝解戒烟后会有积极的改变,其中有8.8%学龄期儿童报告吸烟者戒烟了。结论广州、佛山地区学龄期儿童家庭二手烟暴露情况不容乐观,儿童对被动吸烟有一定的自我保护能力,在性别方面需要针对性的指导。控烟工作应注意将儿童与家长结合起来,共同创建无烟家庭。 Objective To understand the household exposure of second-hand smoke to school-age children in Guangzhou and Foshan and their self-protection during exposure. Methods A questionnaire survey of second-hand smoke exposure and self-protection behavior of school-aged children was conducted. A total of 385 pupils from the third grade and above in Guangzhou and Foshan were surveyed. Results 9.2% of primary school children had ever tried smoking and the boys were significantly higher than the girls (χ2 = 9.269, P = 0.002); 46.8% of school-age children lived with one or more smokers, and 42.6% of smokers Smoking every day; sources of second-hand smoke exposure to school-age children in addition to family members and guests, of whom 29.3% of school-age children were exposed to second-hand smoke of guests during the survey month before, and 42.6% of families volunteered to provide cigarettes Guests; exposed places in addition to private cars in the family room; but more than 90% of school-age children do not recognize smoking behavior and that second-hand smoke on their own harmful; second-hand smoke exposure, 98.8% of school-age children will take the initiative or passive Most of them tried to persuade their families to quit smoking, while girls tended to persuade their families to quit smoking (χ2 = 7.161, P = 0.012). 66.7% of parents of smokers were positively changed after they were persuaded and quit smoking. Among them, 8.8% of school-age children reported that smokers quit smoking. Conclusion The exposure of second-hand smoke to school-age children in Guangzhou and Foshan areas is not optimistic. Children have some self-protection ability on passive smoking, and need specific guidance on gender. Tobacco control should pay attention to combining children and parents to create a smoke-free home.