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以华中江汉平原地区荆州市中稻为研究对象,2014年选择广两优香66、丰两优香1号籼型两系杂交水稻品种和宁9108常规粳稻品种为供试品种,采取传统水育秧人工移栽、机插秧、直播3种栽培方式。每种栽培方式分3期播种。在水稻黄熟期调查总穗数、稻曲病自然发病病穗数和每穗病粒数,计算病穗率和病情指数。在稻曲病感病关键生育期孕穗至齐穗期气象要素与稻曲病病穗率相关分析基础上,从稻曲病发生机理出发,筛选满足稻曲病病菌侵入寄主繁殖流行的气象因子条件,即水稻稻曲病的促病气象指标:日平均气温20~28℃,日平均空气相对湿度≥80%,日降水量≥0.1 mm(或日照时数≤1 h),建立了稻曲病促病气象条件指数。促病气象条件指数与稻曲病病穗率、病情指数的相关性分析结果均通过了1%水平显著性检验。在相关分析的基础上确立了稻曲病发生发展气象条件预报等级指标。
Taking Jingzhou middle rice in the Jianghan Plain of Central China as the research object, two varieties of Guanglouyou 66, Fengliangyou 1 indica two-line hybrid rice and Ning 9108 conventional japonica rice were selected as the tested varieties in 2014, Transplanting, transplanting rice, live 3 kinds of cultivation methods. Each cultivation method is sown in 3 phases. In the yellow ripe stage of rice survey the total number of spikes, rice false smut disease incidence and the number of spikes per panicle, calculate the disease panicle rate and disease index. Based on the correlation analysis between the meteorological elements from booting to heading stage and the disease rate of false smut in the key growth stages of the rice false smut disease, we selected the meteorological factors which met the epidemic of the host of false smut , That is, the disease-promoting meteorological index of rice false smut: the average daily temperature of 20 ~ 28 ℃, the average daily relative humidity of air ≥ 80%, the daily precipitation ≥ 0.1 mm (or sunshine hours ≤ 1 h) Meteorological conditions index. The results of the correlation analysis between the index of disease-promoting meteorological conditions and the disease rate and disease index of the smut disease all passed the significance test of 1% level. On the basis of the correlation analysis, we established the forecast index of meteorological conditions for the development of false smut.