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目的探讨老年人生活事件、应对方式、社会支持与心理健康的关系。方法在抚顺市2个街道随机抽取60岁及以上老年人280人(收回有效问卷176份),采用症状自评量表、生活事件量表、老年人应对问卷及社会支持量表为测评工具。结果1躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子分显著高于常模(P<0.01);人际、敌对因子分显著低于常模(P<0.01);2生活事件总刺激量、负性生活事件刺激量与抑郁、焦虑、恐怖有显著正相关(P<0.01);3消极应对方式与躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁有显著正相关(P<0.01-0.05);积极应对与躯体化、强迫症状有显著负相关(P<0.01~0.05);4支持利用度与抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖显著负相关(P<0.01);主观支持与焦虑、敌对、恐怖显著负相关(P<0.01~0.05);客观支持与焦虑显著负相关(P<0.01)。多元回归分析:消极应对方式、负性生活事件、社会支持利用度进入回归方程。结论消极应对方式、负性生活事件、社会支持利用度是影响老年人心理健康的重要因素,其中消极应对方式是首要影响因素。
Objective To explore the relationship between elderly life events, coping styles, social support and mental health. Methods A total of 280 elderly people aged 60 and above were randomly selected from 2 streets in Fushun City (176 valid questionnaires were retrieved), and the self-rating scale of symptoms, life event scale, questionnaire of elderly people’s response and social support scale were used as evaluation tools. Results 1 Somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, anxiety and horror factor were significantly higher than those of the norm (P <0.01); interpersonal and hostile factor scores were significantly lower than those of the norm (P <0.01) (P <0.01); 3 negative coping style and somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression have a significant positive correlation (P <0.01-0.05); positive response and somatization (P <0.01 ~ 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between utilization of support degree and depression, anxiety, hostility and horror (P <0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between subjective support and anxiety, hostility and horror (P < 0.01 ~ 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between objective support and anxiety (P <0.01). Multiple Regression Analysis: Negative coping styles, negative life events and social support access to the regression equation. Conclusion Negative coping styles, negative life events and utilization of social support are important factors that affect the mental health of the elderly. Among them, the negative coping style is the primary influencing factor.