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通过采取不同的常规育种策略和小孢子培养、分子标记辅助选择等现代生物技术,研究了提高甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不育恢复系改良效率的方法。结果表明,在甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不育恢复系杂交转育过程中,采用杂交后代与萝卜质不育系杂交,可使杂交后代分离群体中不具备恢复基因的单株在花期表现出来,无须测交即可进行选择;杂交后代通过小孢子培养,可将稳定纯合时间由传统自交8个世代缩短到3个世代;通过萝卜特异分子标记辅助选择可大大提高选择的精度,减少筛选所需的人力、土地和时间,选择效率提高90%。试验筛选出19个在萝卜质不育恢复系中能够扩增出单一、易于辨别的谱带的SCAR标记引物,其中10个引物在现有的甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不育恢复系中均能检测出特异标记。筛选出的甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不育恢复系的特异分子标记与前人研究存在差异,标记相似系数为48.28%~93.10%。通过分子标记无法区分高硫甙和低硫甙恢复系,选育低硫甙萝卜质不育恢复系还需要借助品质分析仪。成功筛选得到6个甘蓝型油菜低芥酸、低硫甙、抗寒、结角正常、农艺性状优良的萝卜质不育恢复系,为将甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不育杂种优势应用于我国油菜生产奠定了基础。
By adopting different conventional breeding strategies and microspore culture, molecular marker-assisted selection and other modern biotechnologies, the methods to improve the improved efficiency of the restorer line of radish CMS in Brassica napus have been studied. The results showed that during the process of crossbreeding of radish CMS lines, the offspring of hybrid progenies crossed with the radish CMS lines to show that the individuals without segregating genes in the segregating population of hybrid progeny were displayed at the flowering stage, The hybrid progeny can be shortened from 8 generations to 3 generations through microspore culture through the method of microspore culture. The selection of radish-specific molecular markers can greatly improve the selection accuracy and reduce the screening The required manpower, land and time, the choice of efficiency increased by 90%. Nineteen SCAR-labeled primers that were able to amplify a single, easily distinguishable band in the restorer line of radish sterile were screened out, of which 10 primers could be detected in the existing restorer lines of radish inbred lines A special marker. The specific molecular markers screened out from the progenies of the restorer line of B. napus were different from the previous studies, with the similarity coefficients of 48.28% -93.10%. Molecular markers can not distinguish between high-glucosinolates and low-glucosinolate restorer lines, selection of low-glucosinolate radish sterile restorers also need to use quality analyzer. The results showed that 6 rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars with low erucic acid, low glucosinolate, cold resistance, normal knot angle and high agronomic traits were successfully screened. Foundation.