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从对外贸易额、吸收外国资金额和外贸依存度等方面看,中国都已经达到了较高的开放程度,且对外贸易和外国投资在中国过去16年的发展中起到了至关重要的作用。因此,中国政府和民间对进一步的开放抱有积极态度。 不过,中国对外贸易与投资体制的开放,采用的并不是西方经济学家们经常推荐的“一揽子改革”方式。中国的开放过程是渐进的,根据本国的情况一步步推进。这也是东亚一些较大的国家的成功经验。 今后中国的外贸与投资体制将会更加开放。不过这个过程仍然应随着国内企业竞争力的增强和其他方面条件的成熟逐步推进。 一、中国对外贸易与吸收外资的成就及贸易与投资体制的开放 自1978年中国实行改革开放政策以来,中国的对外贸易一直以较高的速度增长。从1978～1994年,中国的对外贸易年均增长14.7％,其中出口增长15％,进口增长14.3％。
From the aspects of foreign trade volume, absorption of foreign capital, and dependence on foreign trade, China has reached a relatively high degree of openness, and foreign trade and foreign investment have played a crucial role in the development of China over the past 16 years. Therefore, the Chinese government and people have a positive attitude towards further opening up. However, the opening up of China’s foreign trade and investment system does not use the “blanket reform” approach often recommended by Western economists. China’s opening up process is gradual, and it advances step by step according to the situation in the country. This is also the successful experience of some of the larger countries in East Asia. In the future, China’s foreign trade and investment system will be more open. However, this process should continue to advance with the enhancement of the competitiveness of domestic enterprises and the maturation of other conditions. I. China’s Foreign Trade and the Achievements of Foreign Investment Abroad and the Opening of the Trade and Investment System Since China adopted the reform and opening-up policy in 1978, China’s foreign trade has been growing at a high rate. From 1978 to 1994, China’s foreign trade grew at an average annual rate of 14.7%, of which exports increased by 15% and imports increased by 14.3%.