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已有的对乡镇改革的研究,可以归纳为县政乡派、乡村自治、乡政自治、乡治村政和乡政村治五类主要观点。虽然研究者们众说纷纭,但就研究的内在思路而言,却基本上是围绕精简机构和人员、转换政府职能、乡村民主建设三个层面展开的。从总体上看,已有相关研究在研究思路、方法论意识、研究的实践价值等方面,也都存在明显不足:一是研究的前瞻性和预见性有待进一步提高;二是个案研究异常流行;三是部分研究者习惯于先入为主看问题,从而使自身的研究打上了明显的价值偏好;四是一些改革主张和改革措施缺乏理性支持;五是研究还多停留在价值、体制等宏观理论层面,而对改革的具体方法、手段等微观操作层面的问题,整体上还比较薄弱。究其原因,对乡镇政府向服务型政府的历史转型过程缺乏足够的认识和重视,是问题的主要根源。
The existing research on the township reform can be summarized into five main points of view: county and township faction, village autonomy, autonomy of township government, township government and village administration. Although the researchers have different opinions, the researcher’s internal thinking is basically based on the streamlining of institutions and personnel, the transformation of government functions and the construction of rural democracy at three levels. On the whole, there have been obvious deficiencies in research, methodological awareness and practical value of research. First, the prospective and predictable research needs to be further improved. Second, there is an unusual prevalence of case studies. Thirdly, Some researchers accustomed to preconceived problems, so that their own research marked a clear preference for value; Fourth, some of the reform advocates and reform measures lack of rational support; Fifth, the study still stay in the macro level theory of value, system and more, and The specific methods and means of reform are still relatively weak at the micro level of operation. The reason is that the lack of adequate understanding and attention to the process of the township government’s transition to a service-oriented government is the main source of the problem.