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本文评价了中国和印度的乡-城迁移对两国儿童使用医疗保健的性别差异的影响。许多研究表明,这两个国家包括在卫生投资方面,普遍存在对女孩的歧视,这造成了众所周知的亚洲“失踪”妇女这一问题。但对中国和印度正在发生的大规模乡-城迁移是如何影响对女孩的歧视,我们还不是很清楚。迁移通常被认为是对儿童健康有积极影响的,因为这能让他们用上更好的医疗设施,但这对于男孩和女孩来说并不是同样有益。基于对深圳(中国)和孟买(印度)农村移民家庭的14个月的实地调查,本文认为,虽然迁移改善了医疗保健,但短期内儿童疾病治疗中的性别差异可能会加大而不是减小,因为资源集中在男孩的疾病治疗上。此外,乡-城迁移也不一定会使儿童享受更好的医疗保健,即使对男孩也如此。某些形式的迁移实际上可能对儿童健康产生负面影响。由于这两个原因,大规模农村向城市迁移的发展战略不应被视为短期内解决儿童健康中的性别不平等问题的方法。
This article assesses the impact of the rural-urban migration in China and India on the gender differences in the use of health care for children in both countries. Numerous studies show that the prevalence of discrimination against girls in both countries, including in health investments, has created the well-known issue of “missing” women in Asia. But it is not yet clear how the massive rural-urban migration that is taking place in China and India affects the discrimination against girls. Migration is generally considered to have a positive impact on children’s health, as it allows them to spend on better medical facilities, but this is not equally beneficial to boys and girls. Based on a 14-month field survey of rural immigrant families in Shenzhen (China) and Mumbai (India), this paper argues that while migration improves health care, gender differences in the treatment of childhood illness may increase in the short term rather than decrease Because of the concentration of resources on the treatment of the boy’s disease. In addition, township-city relocation may not necessarily result in better health care for children, even for boys. Some forms of migration can actually have a negative impact on children’s health. For these two reasons, the development strategy of large-scale rural-urban migration should not be seen as a solution to the problem of gender inequality in children’s health in the short term.