抗战前后,随着民族危机的日益加深,中国人民的民族意识得到加强。从民族自保的角度,思想界相当一些人士对于民族传统文化的态度发生了变化。认为一个民族要延续,作为其象征的文化传统应当得以保存,并由此得出了返本开新的结论。然而,他们同样面临着自清末以来中华民族精神转型的一个悖论:即如果改变中国传统中的实用理性因素,那么新的民族精神必定是一个非传统甚至反传统的东西;如果不改变其中的实用理性因素,那么所谓民族精神的转型便是换汤不换药。正因为此,直至抗战结束,中华民族精神的现代转型并未成功。 Before and after the war of resistance against Japan, as the national crisis deepened, the Chinese people’s national consciousness was strengthened. In the perspective of national protection, the attitude of a considerable number of people in the ideological field to the traditional ethnic culture has changed. To think that a nation should be continued and its cultural tradition as its symbol should be preserved, and the conclusion drawn from the return of capital should be drawn. However, they also face the paradox of the transformation of the spirit of the Chinese nation since the end of the Qing dynasty: if the rational and rational elements of Chinese tradition are to be changed, the new national spirit must be an unconventional or even anti-traditional thing; if it is not changed Practical rational factors, then the so-called transformation of the national spirit is to change the diet. Because of this, until the end of the war of resistance, the modern transformation of the Chinese nation’s spirit failed.