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在农业实践中,经常可以看到自花传粉作物品种退化的现象,自花传粉作物品种经过一定年代的栽培以后,优良特性和性状就逐渐变劣,降低了对不良条件的抵抗力和引起生产力的下降。李森科院土研究了品种退化过程以后,認为自花传粉作物品种退化的一个基本原因是长期的自花传粉。因此他在1935年提出要为自花传粉作物提供异花传粉的条件,使其进行品种内杂交,来克服品种退化,提高作物的生活力和产量。目前,品种内杂交在应用上正确地与植物的培育和选择相结合,已成为苏联许多自花传粉作物良种繁育工作的基础。我国的一些科学研究机关,近年来也正在广泛地开展这方面的研究。自在传粉作物的品种内杂交问题牵涉到一系列的生物学原理,首先是达尔文主义的自花传粉有害性和异花传粉有利性的规律,还有在这规律基础上发展出来的有机体生活力学说及植物的选择受精学说。现在先谈一下上述原理中有关品种内杂交的问题,然后谈谈品种内杂交的效果及方法。
In agricultural practice, we can often see the phenomenon of self-pollinated varieties degenerating. After a certain period of self-pollinating cultivars, the fine characteristics and traits gradually deteriorate, reducing the resistance to adverse conditions and causing productivity Decline. After studying the process of species degeneration, the Leeson ASTRI considered that one of the basic causes of self-pollinating crop degeneration is long-term self-pollination. Therefore, he proposed in 1935 to provide cross-pollination conditions for self-pollinated crops so that they could be crossed within the varieties to overcome the degradation of varieties and improve the viability and yield of crops. At present, crossbreeding within varieties is correctly applied in combination with the cultivation and selection of plants, and it has become the basis for many fine self-pollinating efforts of self-pollinating crops in the Soviet Union. Some scientific research institutes in our country are also conducting research in this field in a wide range of fields in recent years. Hybridization within free-range pollinators involves a series of biological principles, first of all Darwinian self-pollination harmful and cross-pollination beneficial, as well as organism viability developed on the basis of this law And Plant Selection Fertilization Theory. Now talk about the principle of hybridization within the relevant varieties, and then talk about the effect of hybrids and methods.