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风暴潮又称气象潮,在它的作用下能引起增水或减水现象。杭州湾地区每年夏秋期间常常受到台风的侵袭和影响,往往引起较大的增水。一九五六年12号台风在浙江象山登陆时,杭州湾乍浦港增水达3.26米,创本站历史最大的增水值。这个量值在全国台站也是少有的。一九七四年12号台风在浙江石浦登陆时乍浦港增水(高潮增水)值1.19米。此时正值天文大潮期间,二者相遇创造了当地历史最高水位(吴淞另点上6.75米)。在这次台风侵袭下曾使两岸围堤决口多处,淹没农田数以万计,造成人民生命财产的巨大损失。因此,为了杭州湾两岸海堤保护下的农田安全及水工建筑物的合理布局就必须对杭州湾的增水成因、特点有一个认识。
Storm surge, also called meteor tide, can cause water increase or water reduction under its action. During the summer and autumn of each year, the Hangzhou Bay area is often hit and affected by typhoons, often resulting in a large increase in water. When typhoon No. 12 of 1956 landed in Xiangshan, Zhejiang, the water volume in Zhapu Harbor, Hangzhou Bay, increased by 3.26 meters, making it the largest water recharge value in this station’s history. This magnitude is also rare at national stations. When Typhoon No. 12 of July 1974 landed in Shishu, Zhejiang, it added 1.19 meters of water (orgasm) to Zhapu Harbor. At this time coincided with the astronomical tide, the two met to create the highest level of the local history (Wusong and 6.75 meters on the other point). Under the typhoon’s invasion, the embankments of the two sides of the strait burst into many places, flooding tens of thousands of farmlands and causing tremendous losses to people’s lives and property. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of farmland and the rational layout of hydraulic structures under the seawall protection of both sides of Hangzhou Bay, it is necessary to have an understanding of the causes and characteristics of water increase in Hangzhou Bay.