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作为海上货物运输合同的重要主体之一,亦是提单法律关系中的当事方,托运人制度在航运实践和司法实践中引起了诸多问题。具体表现为,如果同时存在缔约托运人和实际托运人,谁有权主张海上货物运输合同下的权利、谁对承运人承担责任。此外,正确识别托运人亦能够帮助索赔方在《海商法》规定的时效期间内行使其实体权利。本文结合三大公约、《海商法》及《鹿特丹规则》对托运人的识别问题展开讨论和分析。
As one of the important subjects of the contract of carriage of goods by sea, it is also a party in the legal relationship of bills of lading. The shipper system has caused many problems in shipping practice and judicial practice. Specifically, whoever has the right to the carrier should be entitled to claim the rights under the contract of carriage of goods by sea if both the contracting shipper and the actual shipper exist simultaneously. In addition, the correct identification of the shipper can also assist the claimant in exercising its substantive rights over the period of limitation provided by Maritime Act. In this paper, the three conventions, “Maritime Code” and “Rotterdam Rules” to discuss the shipper identification and analysis.