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历史上的中国是最开放的大国之一,“丝绸之路”、“郑和下西洋”留下了千古美名。16世纪之后,中国进入传统政治制度的衰落阶段,固步自封,开始闭关锁国。19世纪初中期,西方列发动一系列对华战争,将中国强行纳入一个强迫性的自由贸易体系之中。长期受到列强欺凌的中国时而强烈期望全面参与国际体系,时而期望回到闭关自守,在中国实行对外开放政策之前,这种摇摆心态长期影响着中国的战略选择。1949年中华人民共和国成立,即遭受美国等西方列强的封锁和包围,中国向苏联社会主义阵营的开放也以苏联肆意侵犯中国主权、中苏交恶而告终止,自力更生建立工农业体系和计划经济体制的历史经验决定了,中国从决策上限制与外部经济接触的规模、范围和影响。党的十一届三中全会以来,中国抓住新一波经济全球化浪潮,从一个近于封闭的国家转变为全球市场的积极参与者,迅速建立起了世界上最为成功的开放型经济体,加深与世界经济关系之迅捷在诸大国中史无前例。迄今,全方位对外开放的战略框架已经在中国基本确立。
Historically, China was one of the most open and powerful powers, and Silk Road and Zheng He under the West left a long-time reputation. After the 16th century, when China entered the decline phase of the traditional political system, it stood still on its own accord and began to close its door to lock the country. In the middle of the 19th century, Western columns launched a series of war on China and forced China into a compulsory free trade system. China, which has long been bullied by the powers and strongholds, from time to time strongly expected full participation in the international system and, from time to time, expected to return to its isolation. Before its opening up policy to China, such a swing mentality had a long-term impact on China’s strategic choices. The founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 was endangered and encircled by Western powers such as the United States. China’s opening to the socialist camp in the Soviet Union also violated the Chinese sovereignty by wantonly violating the Soviet Union’s sovereignty. When the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union reacted in an evil way, they stopped their own efforts to establish an industrial and agricultural system and a planned economic system The historical experience has determined that China limits the scope, scope and impact of its contacts with the external economy in terms of policymaking. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, China has seized a new wave of economic globalization and has transformed itself from a nearly closed country into an active participant in the global market. It has quickly established itself as the most successful open economy in the world Deepen the rapid economic relations with the world economy among the great powers in unprecedented history. So far, the strategic framework for opening up to all directions has been basically established in China.