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如何降低能源强度问题一直是学术界探讨的课题。中国市场化进程不断地加快,而市场化对能源强度的调节机制作用是一项值得探讨的问题。能源强度空间分布与能源资源禀赋分布十分类似。空间自相关检验揭示了省域能源强度存在着显著的空间依赖性。本文通过引入市场化变量作为调节变量建立空间计量经济学模型对能源强度的影响因素进行实证分析。研究结果表明,“能源资源越丰沛,能源强度越高”的命题得到了证实;重工业与能源强度成正比关系,技术进步是降低能源强度的有效因素;在市场化调节机制的作用下,外商直接投资和对外开放明显地改善了能源效率,由于我国能源价格受政府管制,并非真实地反映市场调节行为,因此能源价格未能有效地降低能源强度。最后,本文提出了若干市场经济体制下能源价格改革的政策和建议。
How to reduce the energy intensity has been a subject discussed in academia. The marketization of China is accelerating constantly, and the role of marketization in adjusting the energy intensity is a question worth exploring. The spatial distribution of energy intensity is very similar to the distribution of energy resource endowments. Spatial autocorrelation tests revealed that there was a significant spatial dependence of energy intensity in the province. This paper empirically analyzes the influencing factors of energy intensity by introducing a market-based variable as a regulatory variable to establish a spatial econometric model. The results show that the proposition that “the more abundant the energy resources are, the higher the energy intensity is.” The heavy industry is directly proportional to the energy intensity, and the technological progress is an effective factor in reducing the energy intensity. Under the function of the market regulation mechanism, Foreign direct investment and opening to the outside world have obviously improved energy efficiency. As China’s energy prices are regulated by the government and do not truly reflect market regulation, energy prices have not been able to effectively reduce energy intensity. Finally, this article puts forward some policies and suggestions on energy price reform in a number of market economy systems.