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目的探讨职业性接触岩棉对肺通气功能及呼吸系统症状的影响。方法选择70名岩棉生产和加工人员作为接触组,51名空气分离企业的劳动者作为对照组。进行现场职业卫生学调查,对所有调查对象进行肺通气功能健康检查和呼吸系统症状问卷调查。结果接触组中所有岗位每班接触的纤维浓度均<1f/ml,生产线操作工和深加工班操作工每班接触的总粉尘浓度>3mg/m3。接触组FVC%和FEV1.0/FVC%均数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);接触组中3个不同接触工龄组FVC%、FEV1.0%和FEV1.0/FVC%均数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。限制性通气功能障碍是岩棉致肺通气功能损害的主要类型,与接触工龄呈线性趋势关系(P<0.05),与吸烟未显示有关联性(P>0.05),吸烟与岩棉未显示具有联合作用(P>0.05)。接触组与对照组呼吸系统症状比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论长期接触低纤维浓度水平的岩棉,仍能够损害劳动者的肺通气功能,应控制其总粉尘浓度的接触水平。
Objective To investigate the effects of occupational exposure to rock wool on pulmonary ventilation and respiratory symptoms. Methods 70 rockwool production and processing workers were selected as the contact group and 51 workers from the air separation enterprises as the control group. Conduct on-site occupational hygiene surveys and conduct a questionnaire survey of all patients on pulmonary function tests and respiratory symptoms. Results The contact concentration of all posts in each group in the exposure group was <1f / ml. The total dust concentration contacted by the production line operators and the operators in the deep processing classes was> 3mg / m3. The average number of FVC% and FEV1.0 / FVC% in contact group was lower than that in control group (P <0.05). In the contact group, FVC%, FEV1.0% and FEV1.0 / FVC% mean comparison, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Restrictive ventilatory dysfunction was the main type of lung injury caused by rock wool, which showed a linear relationship with working length (P <0.05), no association with smoking (P> 0.05), smoking and rock wool did not show Combined effect (P> 0.05). There were no significant differences in respiratory symptoms between the exposure group and the control group (P> 0.05). Conclusion Rockwool, exposed to low levels of fiber for a long time, can still impair the pulmonary ventilation function of workers and should control the exposure level of total dust concentration.