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目的研究甲醛和甲苯联合吸入染毒对小鼠骨髓细胞的遗传毒性作用。方法 72只健康清洁级昆明纯系小鼠,雌雄各半,按3×3析因设计随机分为9组,每组8只,分别为:对照组(清洁空气),低甲醛(1 mg/m3)、高甲醛(5 mg/m3)剂量组,低甲苯(400 mg/m3)、高甲苯(2 000 mg/m3)剂量组,低甲醛+低甲苯(1 mg/m3+400 mg/m3)、低甲醛+高甲苯(1 mg/m3+2 000 mg/m3)、高甲醛+低甲苯(5 mg/m3+400 mg/m3)、高甲醛+高甲苯(5 mg/m3+2 000 mg/m3)剂量组。采用静式吸入染毒,每天2 h,连续14 d。染毒结束次日处死小鼠,采用微核试验和彗星试验检测甲醛和甲苯联合染毒致骨髓细胞的遗传毒性作用。结果微核试验结果显示,甲醛和甲苯致小鼠骨髓细胞微核的形成具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且随着染毒浓度的增加微核率增大,二者在高浓度时微核率最高(33.83‰),甲醛和甲苯对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响有交互作用(P<0.05)。彗星试验结果显示,甲醛和甲苯对骨髓细胞彗星尾部DNA含量、彗星细胞尾矩形成均有影响(P<0.05);二者联合染毒对小鼠骨髓彗星细胞尾部DNA含量、尾矩形成均有交互作用(P<0.05)。结论甲醛和甲苯对小鼠骨髓细胞均有遗传损伤作用,二者联合吸入对小鼠骨髓细胞的遗传损伤具有一定的协同作用。
Objective To study the genotoxic effects of inhalation of formaldehyde and toluene on mouse bone marrow cells. Methods Totally 72 Kunming healthy mice were randomly divided into 9 groups (n = 8 in each group): control group (clean air), low formaldehyde (1 mg / low formaldehyde and low toluene (1 mg / m3 + 400 mg / m3), high formaldehyde (5 mg / m3), low toluene (400 mg / , Low formaldehyde + high toluene (1 mg / m3 + 2000 mg / m3), high formaldehyde + low toluene (5 mg / m3 + 400 mg / mg / m3) dose group. Acute inhalation exposure, 2 h daily for 14 days. The mice were sacrificed the next day after the end of the exposure and the micronucleus test and comet assay were used to detect the genotoxic effects of formaldehyde and toluene on the myeloid cells. Results The results of micronucleus test showed that the formation of micronuclei in bone marrow cells of mice induced by formaldehyde and toluene was statistically significant (P <0.05), and the micronucleus rate increased with the increase of the concentration of the two drugs. The highest nuclear rate (33.83 ‰), the effect of formaldehyde and toluene on the micronuclei of mouse bone marrow cells had an interaction (P <0.05). The results of comet assay showed that formaldehyde and toluene had effects on the DNA content of tail and the formation of tail tails of comet cells (P <0.05). The combination of the two had the effect on tail DNA content and tail moment of mouse bone marrow comet cells Interaction (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Formaldehyde and toluene can induce genetic damage to mouse bone marrow cells. The combined inhalation may have a synergistic effect on the genetic damage of mouse bone marrow cells.