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翅果菊属Pterocypsela植物为我国重要的民族传统中药,具有较高的药用和食用价值。本研究报道了台湾翅果菊P.formosana和高大翅果菊P.elata染色体数目和核型,其中前者为首次报道,后者与先前报道一致。结果表明台湾翅果菊和高大翅果菊的体细胞染色体数都是2n=18,前者核型公式为2n=2x=18=4m+14sm,后者为2n=2x=18=2m+8sm+8st,该属植物染色体基数为x=9,二倍体,核型类别均属于“2A”型。首次报道了翅果菊属植物染色体核型不对称指数AI。通过体细胞染色体计数和染色体核型分析了该属在莴苣亚族的亲缘性,及属内物种间的系统进化关系。本研究是运用染色体资料在菊科药用植物系统分类和进化方面的尝试,为该科药用植物的鉴定、新药的亲缘筛选及良种培育提供细胞学依据。
Pterocypsela is a Chinese traditional important traditional medicine with high medicinal and edible value. This study reports the chromosome number and karyotype of P.formosana and P.elata in Taiwan, of which the former is the first reported and the latter is consistent with previous reports. The results showed that the chromosome numbers of the two species were 2n = 18, the former was 2n = 2x = 18 = 4m + 14sm and the latter was 2n = 2x = 18 = 2m + 8sm + 8st, the chromosome number of the genus x = 9, diploid, karyotype belong to “2A ” type. For the first time, the asymmetry index (AI) of the karyotype of Psittacos was reported. Based on somatic chromosome counts and chromosome karyotypes, we analyzed the relatives of this genus in the lettuce subfamily and the phylogenetic relationships among the species in the genus. This study is an attempt to use chromosome data in the classification and evolution of Compositae medicinal plant systems, and provide cytological evidence for the identification of medicinal plants, screening of new drugs for relatives and seed breeding.