目的　研究车辆段工人，尤其是重金属烟尘接触对其神经行为功能的影响。方法　按照 ＷＨＯ 推荐的神经行为核心测试组合，对３４１ 名车辆段工人进行测试。结果　以重金属铅、锰烟尘接触较为严重的熔接工、锻工、铆工、挂瓦工的神经行为功能受到的影响最为严重，表现为不仅５ 项有害情感状态指标的得分显著增高，而且数字跨度、手提敏捷度以及目标追踪速度也受到了不良影响。油线处理工人主要是手提转速度及目标追踪受到了明显影响。电焊烟尘接触最重的熔接工与其他工种工人比较，可见神经行为多项指标均以熔接工受累为重。结论　在铁路车辆段工人中，应将重金属烟尘接触者作为职业危害监护的重点人群 Objective To study the effect of workers in the depot, especially heavy metal dust exposure on their neurobehavioral function. Methods According to the core combination of neurobehavioral tests recommended by the WHO, 341 truck workers were tested. The results of the heavy metal lead, manganese dust more serious exposure to welding, forging, riveting, hanging bricklayer neurological behavior most affected by the performance of not only five indicators of harmful emotional state significantly increased the score, and the number of spans, Hand-held agility and target tracking speed have also been adversely affected. Oil line processing workers are mainly hand-speed and target tracking has been significantly affected. Welding fume contact with the heaviest welding workers compared with other types of workers, we can see a number of indicators of neurological behavior are involved in the welding process as the most important. Conclusion In the railway depot workers, the heavy metal smoke and dust contact should be the focus of occupational hazards monitoring