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目的掌握日光温室生产环境状况与从业人员健康的关系。方法采用统一调查表,走访了山东省的五个主要蔬菜产区,以1 171名不同性别、工龄的从业人员为访问对象,并以850名性别年龄齐同非从事温室种植业的人员为对照,进行健康状况调查。结果女性阳性率明显高于男性,骨关节痛的阳性率与劳动时间的长短呈正相关(P<0.05)。种植西葫芦、冬瓜、芸豆的从业人员皮肤瘙痒的阳性率高于其他作物,其次种植冬瓜的从业人员气喘和咳嗽、眼不适、皮肤瘙痒的阳性率较高(P<0.05)。施用无机肥料和顺水冲施的方式对骨关节痛的阳性率影响最大(P<0.05)。从业人员缺乏职业安全培训,防护措施单一、简易,极易导致不适症的发生。结论日光温室生产环境影响长期从业人员的健康,应当引起人们的重视。
Objective To grasp the relationship between sunlight greenhouse production environment and health of employees. Methods A total questionnaire was used to interview five major vegetable producing areas in Shandong Province. The interviewees included 1 171 employees of different sexes and seniority, and compared 850 persons of the same age with those not engaged in greenhouse cultivation. Health Survey. Results The positive rate of female was significantly higher than that of male. The positive rate of joint pain was positively correlated with the length of working time (P <0.05). The positive rate of pruritus in workers planting zucchini, melon and kidney bean was higher than that of other crops, followed by asthma and cough, eye irritation and skin pruritus (P <0.05). The application of inorganic fertilizers and cisplatin had the greatest effect on the positive rate of bone and joint pain (P <0.05). The lack of occupational safety training practitioners, protective measures a single, simple, easily lead to the occurrence of discomfort. Conclusion The production environment of sunlight greenhouse affects the health of long-term practitioners and should attract people’s attention.