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庄子自由主义思想的出现具有很强的时代背景。庄子生活在礼乐崩坏的战国时期,与此同时的其他诸子百家都积极地投入到齐家治国平天下的浪潮中,唯独庄子不屑于此。相对于西方古典自由主义外拓的形而下的自由观,以及马克思主义现实、客观的自由观,庄子在逍遥游中表现出的自由观更加具有内求性、主观性、超越性。庄子的自由是避世弃世的,它体现在漂浮江湖的梦想之中是心灵的自由、精神的自由。庄子用浪漫主义的笔法描绘出了两类小大之辨,表达出自己推崇“大”的思想倾向;针对大而无用的批评,庄子用三个小故事做出反驳,说明了“大”的用处和价值,以无用之大来达到自由的境界;最后,庄子采用层层递进的手法,一步步阐述自己“无待”的精神自由。庄子在逍遥游中表达出来独特的个人自由主义精神对中国历代知识分子有很深的影响,他的高士境界和情怀安慰了很多仕途失意的知识分子,对当代中国青年学生也有一定的启示。
The appearance of Zhuangzi’s liberalism has a strong background in history. Zhuangzi lives in the Warring States Period where the ceremonies of music and music collapsed, and at the same time all the other ten thousand ones are actively involved in the wave of governance and governance in the whole country. Only Zhuangzi does not bother with it. Compared with the metaphysical freedom concept of Western classical liberalism’s extension and the reality of Marxism and objective freedom, the concept of freedom Zhuangzi shows during his free time travel is more introverted, subjective and transcendental. Zhuangzi’s freedom is to evade the world, it is reflected in the dream of floating rivers and lakes is the spiritual freedom, spiritual freedom. Zhuangzi, with his Romanticism, delineated the differences between the two major categories and expressed their own tendency of thinking of “bigness.” In response to the useless criticisms, Zhuangzi contradicts with three stories to illustrate that “ Big ”and the use of value, to useless to achieve the realm of freedom; Finally, Zhuangzi progressive approach, step by step to explain their “ no stay ”spiritual freedom. Zhuangzi is expressed in the pastime. The unique spirit of personal liberalism has a profound impact on Chinese intellectuals. His noble state and feelings comforted many frustrated intellectuals and also inspired some contemporary Chinese young students.