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为探明稻麦周年生产条件下小麦种植适宜播期和基本苗组合,于2012—2014年在江苏省沭阳县进行了播期和基本苗组合试验,研究了不同播期(10月10日、10月17日、10月24日、10月31日和11月7日、11月14日)和基本苗(180万/hm2、270万/hm2、360万/hm2、450万/hm2、540万/hm2)条件下小麦生长发育及产量构成。结果表明,出苗率主要受播期影响,迟播降低明显;随着播期推迟小麦叶龄逐渐变小,全生育期缩短,缩短天数少于播期推迟天数。基本苗处理对出苗率和叶龄影响不大。相同生育阶段,同一播期随着基本苗的增加茎蘖总数增多,相同基本苗处理随着播期的推迟茎蘖总数减少。播期对小麦株高、穗下节间以及穗长影响明显。单产随着播期推迟先升后降,不同播期和基本苗处理对产量构成影响显著或极显著。因此,淮北地区稻茬麦遇冷冬适宜播期在10月17—24日,遇暖冬适宜播期在10月17—31日,最佳基本苗360万/hm2。
In order to explore the suitable sowing dates and basic seedling combinations of wheat under the annual production conditions of rice and wheat, the sowing date and basic seedling combination test were conducted in Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province from 2012 to 2014. The effects of different sowing dates (October 10, October 17, October 24, October 31 and November 7, November 14) and basic seedlings (1.8 million / hm2, 2700000 / hm2, 3.6 million / hm2, 4.5 million / hm2, 540 Million / hm2) under the conditions of wheat growth and yield formation. The results showed that the emergence rate was mainly affected by sowing date, and the delayed sowing was significantly reduced. With the delay of sowing date, the leaf age of wheat gradually became smaller, the whole growth period shortened, and the number of shortening days was less than the sowing date. The basic seedling treatment has little effect on the emergence rate and leaf age. The same growth stage, the same sowing date with the increase of the basic seedlings increased the total number of stems and tillers, the same basic seedling treatment with the sowing date to reduce the total number of stems reduced. Sowing date had significant effects on the plant height, ear internode and ear length. With the delay of sowing, the yield increased first and then decreased. The effects of different sowing dates and basic seedling treatments on yield were significant or very significant. Therefore, in Huaibei rice stubble wheat cold season suitable sowing in October 17-24, warm winter suitable sowing date in the October 17-31, the best basic seedlings 3.6 million / hm2.