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目的:探讨恶性肿瘤患者发生医院感染的特点及影响因素。方法:对2009年11月至2012年4月收治的143例发生医院感染的恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,统计患者年龄、恶性肿瘤分期、感染部位、致病菌等因素。结果:恶性肿瘤患者医院感染率为4.12%(143/3475),以肺部感染49例(34.3%)、口腔感染35例(24.5%)、泌尿道感染21例(14.7%)为主。革兰阴性茵74株(48.3%)、革兰氏阳性茵18株(12.6%)、真菌株56株(39.2%)。143例患者中原发肺癌63例(44.1%)、肝癌14例(9.8%)、结直肠癌12例(8.4%),胃癌11例(7.7%)、其他43例(30.1%)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者分别为1例(0.7%)、3例(2.1%)、29例(20.3%)、110例(76.9%)。医院感染率与患者年龄呈线性变化趋势,即医院感染率随着年龄的增长而呈上升的趋势(Z=2.038 4,P=0.041 5)。结论:恶性肿瘤患者的年龄、肿瘤类型及分期与医院感染的发生有关。
Objective: To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of nosocomial infections in patients with malignant tumors. Methods: The clinical data of 143 patients with nosocomial infections who were hospitalized from November 2009 to April 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. The age of patients, the stage of malignant tumor, the site of infection, pathogens and other factors were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of nosocomial infection was 4.12% (143/3475) in patients with malignant tumor, with 49 cases (34.3%) of lung infection, 35 cases of oral infection (24.5%) and 21 cases of urinary tract infection (14.7%). 74 (48.3%) Gram-negative strains, 18 (12.6%) Gram-positive strains and 56 (39.2%) strains of fungi. Of the 143 patients, 63 (44.1%) had primary lung cancer, 14 (9.8%) had liver cancer, 12 (8.4%) had colorectal cancer, 11 (7.7%) had gastric cancer and 43 others (30.1%) had other gastric cancers. One patient (0.7%), three patients (2.1%), 29 patients (20.3%) and 110 patients (76.9%) were in stage I, II, III and IV respectively. The nosocomial infection rate showed a linear trend with the patient’s age, that is, the nosocomial infection rate increased with age (Z = 2.038 4, P = 0.041 5). Conclusion: The age, tumor type and stage of malignant tumor are related to the occurrence of nosocomial infection.