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五四运动期间,曹、章、陆作为“卖国贼”被打倒,从表面看是全国民众自发的行为,是民心所向的结果。然而细究之下,他们被贴上“卖国”的标签,还与五四运动前夕的政争有着密切的关系。广州军政府对政权合法性的争夺导致中国代表团的内讧,国民党人对研究系领袖梁启超的攻击揭开了声讨“卖国贼”的序幕,研究系对新交通系的外交问责,抓住了曹、章、陆的软肋。国民党与研究系在政治上虽是宿敌,但在打击段祺瑞势力上存在着共同需求。在两者的引导和夹攻之下,曹、章、陆便成为全国“合意”的“卖国贼”人选。
During the May 4th Movement, Cao, Zhang and Lu were overthrown as “traitors”, and on the surface they were the spontaneous acts of the people throughout the country and the result of the popular feeling. However, carefully studied, they were labeled as “traitorous countries.” They also had close ties with the political war on the eve of the May 4th Movement. The rivalry between the Guangzhou military government and the legitimacy of the regime led to the infighting of the Chinese delegation. The Kuomintang party opened the curtain on the attack by the leader Liang Qichao of the research department, Cao, chapter, land’s weakness. Although the Kuomintang and the research department are political rivals, they share common needs in fighting Duan Qirui. Under the guidance and attack of the two, Cao, Zhang and Lu became the candidates for the “traitor” in the whole country.