清朝乾嘉时代,在文字狱压力之下,多数知识分子埋头于考订辨伪之学,思想僵固,学风日下。在这种情况下,章学诚不顾时俗的冷落非议,“发愤而笔于书”,大力倡导“史学义例,校仇心法”。他所提出的“校仇心法,是什么呢?他在给当时的一位著名目录学家孙星衍的一封信中作了自我说明:“鄙人所业,文史校仇,文史之争义例,校仇之辨源流,与执事所为考核疏证之文,途辙虽异,作用颇同。”意即“部次条 During the era of Qianlong and Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, under the pressure of literary intentions, most intellectuals were immersed in examining the theory of discrimination and pseudo-falsification, with rigid ideology and learning style. Under such circumstances, Zhang Zhecheng ignores the vulgar feelings of criticism, “indignation and pen in the book,” vigorously advocate “historical example, school revenge”. What did he say in his letter of “school revenge”? In a letter to a well-known bibliographer named Sun Xingyan at that time, he made a self-explanation: “I work hard, The origin of the debate, and the deacon for the examination of evasive text, though different, the role of quite the same. ”Meaning" section of the article